Contents
Passive Traitors Edwin Booth, Master Mason
Does Government Interfere DUTY TO OUR BRETHREN
Chat and Comment Roll of Honor
NOMINEES ROLL OF HONOR Freemasonry Aids Reconstruction
Recommended Masonic Reading How Small Is The World
Notes, Queries and Information
Goethe Said It
Published bimonthly at Franklin, Indiana, by
THE PHILALETHES SOCIETY
John Black Vrooman, F.P.S., Editor
Box 402, St. Louis 66, Missouri
OFFICERS
Dr. Charles Gottshall Reigner, F.P.S., First Vice President
4035 Belle Avenue
Baltimore 15, Maryland
Robert H. Gollmar, F.P.S., First Vice President
1221 Oak Street
Baraboo, Wisconsin
William R. Denslow, F.P.S. Second Vice President
P.O. Box 529
Trenton, Missouri 64683
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PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
A. L. Woody, F.P.S.
1440 Burr Oak Road
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Edward J. Franta, F.P.S.
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Dr. William L. Cummings, F.P.S.
228-230 Gordon Avenue
Syracuse 4, New York
Volume XVII, No. 5
BY ALPHONSE CERZA, F.P.S., Life
(A Guest Editorial)
EVERY FOUR YEARS the citizens of the United States select the person who is to serve as President. Next month this important event will take place. In the past a large percentage of the qualified voters failed to cast their ballots. The small plurality by which the election was won four years ago has caused many serious minded Americans to wonder whether the selection was really the choice of the majority of those who had the right to vote.
In too many places in this world the precious right to vote does not exist. Significantly, where this right does exist the people are better fed, better clothed, better housed, better educated, and happier. As we quickly glance over the history of centuries past we find that man's original struggle was with the elements, with disease, with hunger, and then for freedom. We have conquered the elements to a certain extent with houses, clothing, heating plants, and air conditioning. We have conquered hunger in many places; freedom does not exist in most places throughout the world. The road to freedom is paved with blood, sweat and tears. Our Way of Life represents centuries of bitter struggle.
Many take the position that "my vote won't make any difference." The impeachment of Andrew Johnson, a Mason, was prevented by one vote; the election of Rutherford B. Hayes as President was by a plurality of one electoral vote. In a presidential election these single votes add up in a large country such as ours. Four years ago only 64% of the qualified voters cast a ballot. Since the election was decided by a plurality of 118,000 votes it can be seen that each vote in the election does count.
There is another reason why each patriotic vote should be cast. The professional politician, his friends, the public payroller, and those seeking special privileges from the government never fail to vote. These persons do not always act for the public interest. Someone many years ago observed: All that is necessary for the forces of evil to succeed is that good men do nothing.
Many of our readers are in lands where the local government, or in lands adjoining, are totalitarian in nature. How these readers wish they had the choice to speak silently by a secret ballot and select their officials!
As good Masons and as loyal Americans we have a duty to vote for the future welfare of our country. The test should be not what can I get out of this election but, rather, what is best for the nation as a whole.
Remember: Bad public officials are elected by good citizens who stay home on election day.
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BY DR. CHARLES G. REIGNER, F.P.S., President
One of my consuming avocations is the study of the Masonic associations of Masons who have won outstanding distinction in American literature and drama. Such a man was Edwin Booth, the great Shakespearean actor and a native Marylander, born at BelAir, Md., on November 13, 1833.
Booth began his professional career in 1849. In 1862 he became manager of the Winter Garden Theater in New York, where he gave a series of Shakespearean productions which were hailed everywhere as magnificent examples of the dramatic art.
His triumphant career was plunged into tragic darkness when, on the evening of April 14, 1865, his brother, John Wilkes Booth, assassinated Abraham Lincoln in Ford's Theater in Washington, D. C. For several years thereafter Edwin Booth, prostrated by the tragic event and overcome by a sense of the infamy of his brother, retired from the stage. Eventually he resumed his activities. In 1869 he built a theater of his own - Booth's Theater at Twenty-third Street and Sixth Avenue in New York. He organized a stock company and produced a number of the Shakespearean plays.
Meeting with financial reverses, he lost control of the theater. He was of a generous and confiding nature, and his management was not economical. By persistent effort he regained wealth, in the use of which his generous nature was shown. He had a spacious home in Grammercy Park, New York City, which he converted into The Players' Club, where I have been a guest. He reserved one apartment in the Club for his own use. He died there on June 7, 1893. All his books and works of art, together with many valuable mementos of the stage, became the property of the Club. I have stood enthralled before the statue of Edwin Booth in Grammercy Park. It vividly portrays his graceful figure in his favorite role of Hamlet.
Edwin Booth's brother-in-law, J. H. Magonigle, wrote: "Edwin Booth was a Mason, and for twenty-five years before his death was a member of New York Lodge No. 330. He was always proud of the Fraternity, but the exactions of his profession prevented his regular attendance at Lodge. For the same reason he was kept from being the Master of a Lodge of Masons, which was one of his dearest ambitions. Nevertheless, the Brethren held him in high esteem and were proud of his association."
Dr. Joseph Fort Newton was also a great admirer of Edwin Booth. He established a contact with a Brother A. A. Auchmoedy, who gave him these heart-warming reminiscences.
"I was Master of a Masonic Lodge in Omaha a good many years ago. Edwin Booth was playing in the city. I knew he was a Mason and sent a committee over to invite him to meet with us after the play. He sent back word that he would do so with pleasure, and we sent a committee to escort him to the Lodge. The examination was brief, but entirely satisfactory. When he entered the room, every member was on his feet, greeting him with hearty applause. He seemed much interested in the closing exercises. and at the banquet which followed he was a happy member of the party. There were songs in which Booth joined heartily with his wondrously sweet voice, and several brief speeches were made before the great actor was called upon. He began by saying:
" 'Mr. Toastmaster and Brothers: I am like a boy out of school tonight. It is a delight to be with you. If I act like a boy, kindly overlook it!' Then he told many interesting stories of his connection with Masonry and of his career as an actor - how deeply grateful he had been for the forethought and tender consideration of his Brethren in times of great distress, hinting at the days when he felt himself under a cloud, when President Lincoln met his death at the hands of his brother. Continuing, he said: 'I shall never forget that wherever I went, Masons rallied about me and cheered my drooping spirits. But for their love and forethought I can tell you now, my Brethren, I do not think I should have resumed my life as an actor after that awful event.'
"Suddenly he switched to a pleasantry and had us all laughing. His readings seemed brighter and better than they ever were on the stage. One Brother asked him what his favorite poem was. After thinking a moment, he answered 'Please put the question differently and ask me what my favorite hymn is.' We all wondered what it would be. Then, in a voice low and sweet, he said, 'That hymn which the world knows as Jesus, Lover Of My Soul' - and without waiting he recited it as we had never heard it recited before. A member asked him for his favorite piece of prose. 'I thank you, my Brother,' he said, 'for asking that question. The most beautiful, impressive words that were ever uttered and preserved to the world I shall do myself the honor of reciting. Please be standing with me.' And with bowed head he recited the Lord's Prayer."
You can read the biographies of Edwin Booth and learn little or nothing about his Masonic associations. The same observation may be made about many other Masons who distinguished themselves in one aspect or another of American life.
The dramatic element in the ritual of Masonry is, to some of us, a never-ending wonder. It was so with Edwin Booth. Great dramatist that he was, he has left us this striking tribute:
"In all my research and study, in all my close analysis of the masterpieces of Shakespeare in my earnest determination to make these plays appear real on the mimic stage, I have never and nowhere met tragedy so real, so sublime, so magnificent as the legend of Hiram. It is substance without shadow - the manifest destiny of life which requires no picture and scarcely a word to make a lasting impression upon all who can understand. To be a Worshipful Master and to throw my whole soul into that work, with the candidate for my audience and the Lodge for my stage, would be a greater personal distinction than to receive the plaudits of the people in the theaters of the world."
Always we need to go behind the ritual in the effort to find fundamental truths we can apply in our own lives and actions. Masonry, like life itself, is always in the process of becoming. It is ever beckoning us on to a deeper understanding of the spiritual aspects of life and the high ideals which it sets before us. In that never-ending quest each Mason has a part. The Light which is the essence of Masonry will grow in brilliance for every Mason as he learns more about the contributions it has made to the lives of truly great men. It is that thought which I have tried to express in these lines.
Let there be Light - that august Word
Which first from Heaven's throne was heard
Commands me still. I lift my head
And stand erect, by visions led.
My level gaze meets high and low
Bearer of Light, forward I go.
So Mote It Be.
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By What Right
Does Government Interfere In Civic and Fraternal
Affairs ?
BY JOHN BLACK VROOMAN, F.P.S., Editor
MORE AND MORE we are finding that the Government of the United States, through Agencies, Commissions and Committees, has been making unwarranted intrusion into fraternal, social and civic groups, their leaders and their members, to the extent that the intrusion and interference in which they have no business are becoming obnoxious and a nuisance.
We are forcibly reminded of the old story of the camel which first thrust his nose into the Arab's tent, then his shoulders, and finally his whole body, pushing the Arab into outer darkness. This is what individuals in Government are now doing in a not too subtle way, with no valid reason and without a logical excuse.
The Masonic Service Association of the United States recently sent a letter to every Masonic Grand Lodge, calling attention to questionnaires being sent to college fraternities and sororities in one state by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.
Even if this were the only example of such meddling in private affairs, it marks a serious threat to private activity and individual liberty. The Grand Master of the M.W. Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Utah, Brother Iver J. Longeteig, has issued an Edict to all Masonic Lodges in Idaho, "forbidding any Master, or officer or Brother to give any answer either written or oral, to any inquiry, request or questionnaire concerning our Fraternity, its organization, its structure, its membership, or any related phase of our Fraternity from any non-Masonic organization, agency, or governmental department other than to commonly and currently accepted news media .... " .
The questionnaires, generally speaking, pose the question of whether non-white and Jews are admitted to membership, if other prerequisites are required for membership, and whether or not such policies are the product of local or national regulations of the organization.
In its comments, the letter from the Masonic Service Association asked ". . .if the Commission (on Civil Rights) seems unaware of the limitations on its activities which present laws were 'supposed' to impose, new legislation in this area should make perfectly clear what the Commission cannot do . . . the Commission will be violating a fundamental right of the First Amendment (to the United States Constitution), the freedom of association and assembly . . . in discussing this issue with Congressmen of his acquaintance, Brother (Gordon H.) Scherer, of Cincinnati, Ohio (legal counsel to the National Pan-Hellenic Conference), suggested that an amendment should be added to the legislation (of Civil Rights), stating specifically that the Commission has no right whatever to invade this field."
All these things lead-up to the fact that Freemasonry is a free association of free men; it is selective; it does not solicit remembers, but insists on the right to chose its members for certain moral and spiritual qualifications when they seek admission; its objectives are more than fellowship and sociability.
Freemasonry has a definite and specific purpose - that of helpfulness to its members and to the world.
It teaches upright living and participation in the life of the community. As such, it is aloof from the purely social aspects of club and society, and as such, it should neither be invaded by meddling interference nor harassed by legislation and control.
What Freemasonry wants, more than anything else, is to live its own life, serve the community in its own way, and carry on its activities according to the tradition of hundreds of years standing and custom. There is grave danger to Freemasonry and other fraternal associations from outside supervision and control, from infiltration b y government, and from usurpation by those who have no concept of its place in human events. Let's keep government out of fraternal and civic endeavor!
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BY KENNETH F. CURTIS, F.P.S.
As Masons and members of the Philalethes Society, we should do our bit in guiding others towards the basic knowledge and wisdom we strive to live by and believe. We can participate in this spreading of light actively by making known to our brethren the advantage sand purposes of the Society.
The pages of The Philalethes magazine contain very interesting and modern views on important Masonic subjects. Many of the authors of the published articles have years of experience in their fields of endeavor. Some are well established writers - their works will live on into the future.
Brethren, think of the many Blue Lodge members who are waiting for your nomination. These many need your approach and introduction to that which you received from a Brother Mason in the past. The following might give you some ideas towards this approach:
First, prepare yourself to answer questions; know your subject and carry a copy of the Philalethes magazine and applications with you.
Second, present what you know and believe in to the likely prospect; to the serious and studious Mason. Send your Membership Chairman names and addresses for nomination.
Third, explain in detail the benefits and purposes of the Society.
Fourth, follow-up by more contacts with those who are undecided. Be sure to use your visual aid - the Philalethes magazine.
Brethren, the above four steps have been tried. They bring results. Put them into action and watch our life line increase in strength.
Each member is well acquainted with many Brethren worthy of being nominated. Send your selection to your Membership Chairman - Kenneth F. Curtis, F.P.S., 2455 Raeford Road, Orlando, Florida 32806.
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News, achievements and items of interest about our
Fellows and Members - Discussion and comment on
- Plan Mail and Observations -
Mutual Topics.
We are in receipt of Volume I, Number 1, of The Idaho Masonic Beacon, published by the Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of Idaho, and edited by R.W. Brother A. Warren Cate, M.P.S. Welcome to our midst!
"Your editor wishes to express his hope," says the lead editorial, "that in this, the first issue of the Idaho Masonic Beacon, you will find something that inspires you to seek additional Masonic light and knowledge . . . if you think this publication has merit, tell your representatives to Grand Lodge . . ." We like what has been written, being among other things, articles entitled "Grand Master Urges Lodge Attendance," "Men Fail to Understand Craft's Simplicity," "Discovering Masonry in Mexico," and several pages of interesting items "Among The Lodges." Keep up the good work, Brother Cate.
The Virginia Craftsmen, and their ladies, The Charmers, of Babcock Lodge No. 322, Highland Springs, Virginia, have just returned from a visit to Scotland, where they conferred the Master Mason degree in full form. A Scottish Lodge came to Richmond, Virginia, last year, and attracted one of the largest crowds of Masons ever to be gathered in one hall, and conferred the Master Mason degree, Scottish style. Allen E. Roberts, F.P.S., was the organizer of this splendid group, and has been active with it since its organization several years ago. Certainly, such activities can do much to cement International good will and friendship. We applaud.
The Babcock News, Highland Springs, Va., writing of the visit of Conrad Hahn, F.P.S., Executive Secretary of the Masonic Service Association to Babcock Lodge on July 24, has the following to say:
"We will long remember the visit of Conrad Hahn, P.G.M. of Masons in Connecticut. The inspiring message he brought us will long be remembered by those fortunate enough to be in Babcock Lodge. We appreciate the presence to two outstanding P.G.M.'s, A. Douglas Smith, Jr., and John P. Stokes. Their presence was an inspiration to Brother Hahn. We also appreciate the presentations Brother 'Doug' made in his capacity as Executive Officer of DeMolay in Virginia, the Honorary Legion of Honor to Allen Roberts, F.P.S., and the DeMolay Cross of Honor to Porter Myers. They were honors richly deserved." We too, are happy that the merit of deserving brethren has been so well recognized. Brother Roberts has been especially active in Freemasonry, and has been an outstanding contributor to the Philalethes on many occasions. His series, Masonry Aids Reconstruction, is running currently in our magazine.
Conrad Hahn, F.P.S., writes about an item in a recent issue of our magazine, with a correction, which we are happy to make, not only because of Connie's interest, but for the sake of accuracy. He writes - ". . . y' all is guilty of a misstatement of fact in 'Chat and Comment,' (page 46, June issue, the Philalethes) - 'Arthur Hodgson (M.P.S.) has been named Chairman of the Conference of Grand Masters (of North America), impossible! The Chairman of the Conference is John T. Rose, of Punta Gorda, Florida, and he'll be the Chairman until his successor is elected at the next Conference in D.C. in 1965. Arthur Hodgson was named 'Chairman of the Conference Committee of the Grand Masters' Conference for 1965. That's the planning or agenda committee." We apologize to M.W. Brother Rose, and to M. W. Brother Hodgson, for this error.
Brother Wilmer E. Bresee, M.P.S., was named Grand Historian of the Grand Lodge of New York, F. & A. M., at its meeting in May. Brother Bresee has been very active in Masonic research for many years, and we are happy that he will have this opportunity to make use of his fine talent to the benefit of a large number of the brethren.
Alphonse Cerza, F.P.S., Life, has just been appointed the Chairman of the Chicago Scottish Rite Speakers' Bureau, and has stated that he is very anxious that any member of the Rite in the Chicago area who would like to speak for the Bureau would be most welcome. He can be reached at 237 Millbridge Road, Riverside, Illinois, or through the Scottish Rite.
June 14th is Flag Day to some, but to J. Fred Latham and his bride, June 14, 1964 marked fifty years of happy married life. A large group of their friends, of whom they have hundreds, attended a reception in their honor, and they and their children enjoyed a remarkable visit, a token of friendship and affection. We add our congratulations a n d good wishes, and say, "We hope it will happen often."
An announcement in the Oklahoma Mason of recent date, gives indication that that Jurisdiction is contemplating the formation of a Lodge of Research. The article reads as follows:
"Grand Secretary, J. Fred Latham reports that the Grand Lodge has authorized formation of a Lodge of Research in Oklahoma. Those Masonic brethren interested in the study of Masonry and ultimately the organization of such a Lodge are requested to contact Brother Latham.
" 'Some have been contacted in the past month but we want to hear from all interested parties,' said Brother Fred. "Here is an opportunity for our brethren to increase in Masonic knowledge and be of greater service to Freemasonry.' Contact J. Fred Latham, Grand Secretary, at 102 South Broad, Guthrie, Oklahoma." This is a wonderful project, and it is our hope that their dream may materialize.
Brother Eugene Hopp, M.P.S., writes:
"I note with considerable interest a reference, in the Chat and Comment column of the Philalethes, to my Lodge. There is one slight error.
One Lodge was Seaport and the other was King Solomon's Lodge. After the merger, the Lodge became King Solomon's Seaport Lodge."
The reference is to Chat and Comment in the June, 1964 issue of the magazine, page 46, telling of this merger. Thank you, Brother Hopp, for the correction.
Irvin B. Hoberect, M.P.S., writes about Masonic Funerals, and deplores the sloppy way in which they are sometimes conducted. We quote him, as follows:
"About the only time the public comes into contact with Masonry is at our annual open installation or at our Masonic funerals. I am appalled at the undignified and unimpressive manner in which many of our ceremonies are conducted. When I am not officiating at a Masonic service I sometimes act as Chaplain, and when the Master or the Brother giving the service rattles it off like a parrot, with no meaning whatsoever, I have a feeling that I want to get down on my hands and knees and crawl away. Certainly, the ritual should be memorized, but not given only from memory, but from the heart. I can find no comfort or consolation for the bereaved relatives or others in attendance. I t seems, in my opinion, that every Lodge should have two or more brethren capable of giving the Masonic (funeral) service in a dignified manner, at any unexpected moment. Is it any wonder that more men of intelligence and character are not drawn into the fold of Masonry?" In all this we agree!
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In Memoriam
Dr. Roscoe Pound, F.P.S.
BY ALPHONSE CERZA, F.P.S. Life, and FRANK H. WILSON, M.P.S.
On July 1, 1964 with the passing of Brother Roscoe Pound, the world lost its greatest living legal scholar, Freemasonry lost an illustrious brother whose fame was world wide, and the Philalethes Society lost one of its outstanding Fellows.
Roscoe Pound was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, on October 27, 1870. He received his first schooling at home and started his formal schooling in 1882 when he entered the Latin School preparatory to entering the University of Nebraska. He entered that university in 1884 specializing in the classics and in Botany. Four years later he was graduated and the following year received the degree of Master of Arts in Botany. He then went to Harvard University to study law. In 1897 he received a Ph.D. degree in Botany, wrote a text on the subject, and became the Director of the Nebraska Botanical Survey. Shortly thereafter he commenced the practice of law, became a professor of law, and served as a judge for a short period.
In 1906 he became world famous when he delivered before the American Bar Association meeting at St. Paul, Minnesota, a talk entitled "Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction with the Administration of Justice." This marked a new era in the history of the law in the United States.
Roscoe Pound came to Harvard in 1910 as Story Professor of Law after serving as Commissioner of Appeals in Nebraska and as professor of Law at Northwestern and Chicago Universities. In 1916 he was named Dean of the Law School, a position he held for 20 years. During this era he established the Law School as a national rather than an Eastern institution, expanded the facility and curriculum, and developed a new system of legal instruction including a stress on sociology in law. Serving on the Harvard Law faculty under Dean Pound were James M. Landis and Felix Frankfurter. The Dean's students included Dean Acheson and David E. Lilienthal. During Prohibition, the Dean was a member of the Wickersham Commission, appointed to recommend whether Prohibition should be continued. Though never a teetotaler, he concurred with the majority in urging a further trial of prohibition, but in an appended individual report he recommended that the more important gains, such as closing of saloons and federal control of the liquor business, be safeguarded by revision of the 18th Amendment to permit adaptation to local conditions where it was futile to expect total abstinence.
During his lifetime he wrote more than 300 treatises and books, the complete bibliography of his writings fills 245 printed pages. In 1959, at the age of 89, he published his massive five-volume work on "Jurisprudence." The climax of his extensive writings, it was a commentary on the legal science as he had observed it over a period of more than a half century. One of the more trenchant, "The conception of a criminal trial as a game between lawyers for the amusement of the public belongs to the rural, pioneer America of the past and has no place in the metropolitan city of today."
Perhaps Dean Pound could not have done all the work he did had it not been for the unique desk he designed, an unusual piece of furniture used for most of his lifetime, 37 feet in outer circumference with a hole in the middle. The Dean entered through this space by lifting up a flap of the desk. He occupied a swivel chair in its center, spinning around whenever necessary to pick a reference book from the open shelves inside. These shelves contained well catalogued books and papers. Once asked how many books he had written, he pointed behind the desk and replied "These two shelves." A typewriter was sunken in at the proper level, so that when once seated he could reach any department of his work without getting up. Surely now it is a museum piece of furniture.
His Masonic career was an active one. It began with his becoming a Mason in 1901 in Lancaster Lodge No. 54, Lincoln, Nebraska. The story is told that on the night he received his first degree, while walking home with one of the members he was told that he would be required to recite certain parts of the ritual before he could be advanced to the second degree. He stated "what are we waiting for ? Let's get started." By the time they reached his home he had the lessons learned so well that he was ready for his examination. This wonderful memory was one of the keys to his successful, scholarly life.
He filled all the chairs in this lodge and was Worshipful Master 1906-07 Grand Orator of Grand Lodge of Nebraska 1906-1908, was made an Honorary Past Grand Master. He demitted from Lancaster Lodge April 3, 1908 and affiliated with Evans Lodge No. 524 A.F. & A.M. Evanston, Illinois, May 25, 1909. He demitted from Evans Lodge April 19, 1912 and affiliated with Belmont Lodge, A.F. & A.M. Massachusetts, November 30, 1912. A charter member of Harvard Lodge, Cambridge, Massachusetts, April 11, 1923. A charter member Beaver Lodge, Belmont, Massachusetts, October 15, 1923. Deputy Grand Master, Grand Lodge of Massachusetts 1915. Received Henry Price Medal, Massachusetts Grand Lodge, 1934. Received Veterans Medal 1953. Grand Representative Grand Lodge of Nebraska, near the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts 1929 to the day of his death. Elected Honorary Member, Research Lodge No. 281 F. & A. M. Seattle, Washington, January 15, 1941. In the Scottish Rite he joined Delta Lodge of Perfection No. 4, Lincoln, Nebraska, January 23, 1902, Emmanuel Chapter Rose Croix No. 2, February 13, 1902; the Consistory 32d, May 22, 1903. He held the office of Junior Warden in Delta Lodge of Perfection and was Orator of Emmanuel Chapter Rose Croix 1905-1907. Boston Lafayette Lodge of Perfection, 14d, October 4, 1912; Giles F. Yates Council, Princes of Jerusalem 16d, October 11, 1912; Mt. Olivet Chapter Rose Croix 18d, October 18, 1912, Massachusetts Consistory, S.P.R.S. 32d, October 25, 1912. He was created a Sovereign Grand Inspector General 33O, A.A.S.R. Honorary Member on September 16, 1913.
He was elected a Fellow of the Philalethes Society, and in accordance with an established custom, he wrote and submitted his "Masterpiece" which was published in the October, 1959 issue of our magazine and is entitled "What is Law?" This "Masterpiece" was so excellent, that it was awarded the "Certificate of Literature," for that year, being the outstanding literary contribution of the year to our Society.
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In Memoriam
Edward E. Hedblom, F.P.S.
BY HARRY W. BUNDY, F.P.S.
Brother Edward Emanuel Hedblom, whose death, February 26, 1964, left a great gap in the Fraternity in the Jurisdiction of Colorado, was one of the most beloved and most respected Masons in the State. Although not an old man, as standards of age are counted today, he was 76 years of age at the time of his passing in Colorado Springs. His birthplace was Marquette, Nebraska. Brother Hedblom enjoyed the privilege of attending the public schools of Marquette and Aurora, Nebraska. He was a graduate of the Aurora High School. He came to Colorado, entered Colorado College where he received an A.B. Degree in 1912, and later spent one summer of graduate work in the University of California.
By profession, he was a high school instructor in biological sciences from 1912 to 1918 and 1919 to 1946. He was Principal of West Junior High School in Colorado Springs 1918-19, and varied his work in this type of activity by becoming the secretary by unanimous request of Rocky Mountain Consistory, A.A.S.R., in Denver, where he served from 1946 to 1956.
He was united in marriage to Lillian Wilhelmina Bergquist, to which union two sons were born, Earland E. and Robert E. Hedblom.
Brother Hedblom was most interested in patronymics and his grandfather was a man who was forward looking, and realizing that his sons would have more distinction if they were to choose names of their own selection, gave them the right to do so, and Peter, the father of Edward, changed his name to Hedblom, which literally translated was "The flower on the heather."
It will be interesting to note the Masonic record of Brother Hedblom. He was Initiated February 24, 1919, in Tejon Lodge No. 104 at Colorado Springs. He was Raised June 19 of the same year. In due time he held the office of Junior Steward, progressing through the line until he was Worshipful Master in 1926. Three years later the lodge selected him as its Secretary. He served in that capacity until 1946 when he came to Denver to assume the secretary-ship of the Rocky Mountain Consistory of the Scottish Rite.
In the Grand lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons of Colorado, he was Grand Representative of the Grand Lodge of New Jersey, which appointment he accepted in 1943.
He was a member of the Educational Committee of the Grand Lodge from 1939 and for three years was chairman of that committee.
In the Capitular record of Brother Hedblom, we find that he progressed steadily through the various degrees of the R.A. Chapter until on March 23, 1920, when he received the Royal Arch Mason degree in Colorado Springs Chapter No. 6 and was High Priest in 1936. He was consecrated in Colorado Grand Council of Anointed High Priests September 17, 1936.
Companion Hedblom became Grand Sentinel of the Grand Chapter September 19, 1940, progressed steadily through that Grand Chapter line until he was elected Grand High Priest in 1950. He was Grand Representative of the Grand Chapter R.A.M. of New Jersey from 1945 till his death.
Naturally, one interested in the York Rite of Masonry as deeply as was Companion Hedblom, became a Cryptic Mason, where he was greeted a Royal and Select Master on May 19, 1921, receiving the Super Excellent Master Degree October 22, 1921, in Zabud Council No. 8 of Colorado Springs where he was Illustrious Master in 1928. In the Grand Council R.&S.M. of Colorado he was Grand Representative of the Grand Council of Oregon, to which position he was appointed in 1938. He was chairman of the Committee on Memorials from the period 1940 to his passing.
He was a member of the Knights Templar, where he received the Knight Templar Order on May 28, 1921, in Pike's Peak Commandery No. 6. He served in the offices of this body from 1933 through 1939 when he was elected Eminent Commander.
The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite welcomed him as a member on May 16, 1944, in Centennial Lodge of Perfection No. 2 of Denver, a constituent of Rocky Mountain Consistory No. 2, as it was then known, also in Denver. He received the 32d in Rocky Mountain Consistory on May 18, 1944. His activity in this body was recognized, and he was made a secretary of the Consistory and Coordinate Bodies September, 1946, until 1956, when having served the ten years which he had agreed to give, he retired and went back to Colorado Springs where he again served Tejon Lodge No. 104 as the editor of "Tejon Topics," a paper which he had started and which he edited greatly to the benefit of that lodge and to Freemasonry generally in Colorado. In the Scottish Rite, he had been nominated Knight Commander of the Court of Honor on October 21, 1947, and was Coroneted an Inspector General Honorary of the 33d by the Supreme Council, December 18, 1951.
He was Patron of Glen Eyrie Chapter No. 8 Order of Eastern Star, in 1928 to 1946. He was Editor of the "Square and Compass," the Masonic magazine published in Denver, from October, 1945, to the time of his death.
A great honor came to him in the Philalethes Society in 1944, when he was elected a member. His astuteness in things Masonic made him a ready and obvious selection for the great honor of being elected a Fellow of this Society in 1949.
He was President of the El Paso County Past Masters' Association from 1930 to 1939.
He was a charter member of Pikes Peak Priory No. 21, K.Y.C.H., in 1945. He was Registrar of that Priory since 1945 to the time of his death.
He was a member of Mt. of the Holy Cross Conclave, Red Cross of Constantine, installed in January, 1947.
He was a member of El Jebel Shrine, A.A.O.N.M.S.
He was Scout Master in Loveland Colorado, of a Troop of Boy Scouts from 1913 to 1916.
He was a supervisor of the Childrens' War Gardens, Colorado Springs, 1918 to 1919.
He was a member of the First Plymouth Congregational Church of Denver, and he served three terms as Deacon of the First Congregational Church in Colorado Springs.
He was a member of Beta Theta Pi, college social fraternity, and a member of Delta Epsilon, an honorary scientific fraternity.
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NATIONAL SOJOURNERS
MASONIC PATRIOTS MILITARY MASONS
Great Americans
| GEORGE WASHINGTON | Joseph Hewes | Albert Pike |
| Stephen F. Austin | William Hooper | James K. Polk |
| William Beaumont | Sam Houston | Israel Putnam |
| Thos. Hart Benton | Andrew Jackson | Paul Revere |
| Wm. Jennings Bryan | James Jackson | Will Rogers |
| James Buchanan | Andrew Johnson | Theodore Roosevelt |
| Luther Burbank | John Paul Jones | William S. Schley |
| Kit Carson | Henry Knox | Winfield Scott |
| Lewis Cass | Benjamin Lincoln | John Philip Sousa |
| Geo. Rogers Clark | Robt. R. Livingston | John Stark |
| William Clark | James Lawrence | Frederick von Steuben |
| Henry Clay | Lafayette | Richard Stockton |
| De Witt Clinton | Meriwether Lewis | John Sullivan |
| Jos. Hamilton Daviess | John A. Logan | William Howard Taft |
| Stephen Decatur | Thomas McDonough | Isaiah Thomas |
| David Farragut | William McKinley | Mark Twain |
| Benjamin Franklin | John Marshall | Lew Wallace |
| Benjamin Garfield | Hugh Mercer | George Walton |
| Mordecai Gist | Richard Montgomery | Seth Warner |
| John Glover | John P.G. Muhlenberg | Joseph Warren |
| John Hancock | James Otis | Thomas Smith Webb |
| Warren G. Harding | Robert Treat Paine | William Whipple |
| Nicholas Herkimer | Robert E. Peary | David Wooster |
| Matthew G. Perry |
Military Masons - Masonic Patriots
The late Captain Robert E. Bassler, USN-Ret. when President of the National Sojourners in 1950-51, proposed the establishment of a Roll of Honor by the organization which would memorialize the Masonic affiliation of great Americans, military Masons and Masonic patriots.
His plan was to select an initial cadre and add annual increments so that selections would be made with due deliberation, and interest renewed each year by the procedure of adding to the list.
During the last decade the number selected has reached a total of seventy, it is announced by the chairman of the committee responsible for the choice of honorees and arrangement for a permanent location of the Roll of Honor, as it grows.
Valley Forge and the George Washington National Memorial are considered appropriate locations for display, although others have been suggested, and no final decision has yet been arrived at. It is contemplated that a ceremony might be arranged each year for integration of the supplementary names to the roll. An adjacent shelf of biographies has been suggested to supplement the plaque. The Roll of Honor according to present plans will contain approximately 250 names a half century hence.
Masons conspicuous in the establishment and development of our nation, dead more than 25 years, preferably those with military service, are eligible for nomination. Choice has previously been made by a National Sojourners committee, and upon approval by the committee of 33, brought before the next National Convention for final action.
Nominees for the list of eligibles should be of sufficient prominence to be among those whose life histories appear in t h e Dictionary of American Biography, or the supplementary volumes as published from time to time. Refer also to the NYU Hall of Fame, Statuary Hall of Fame in the National Capitol, and the list of 400 great Americans in Richard B. Morris' Encyclopedia of American History. The earlier choice will naturally be made largely from those participating in t h e Revolutionary War, or prominent in the early days of the Republic. Consistent with other factors, consideration will be given to as widespread recognition as possible, so that in the first hundred, most of the states will be represented.
Names of the first seventy Americans chosen for the Roll of Honor appear on the opposite page. Included are all the Masonic Presidents, eligible Signers of the Declaration of Independence, and most of the general officers of the Continental Army. The appropriate Grand Lodge may be called upon to certify membership of nominees.
In an effort to obtain as representative a choice as possible, and as a guide to the National Sojourners committee, readers of the Philalethes magazine are invited to participate in a ballot to select the 1965 increment. An appropriate form is provided to be filled out and returned as indicated. Ballots received after December 1st may not arrive in time for tally.
BALLOT
Fill in, cut out, and mail to
James R. Case. 43 Highland Ave., Bethel, Conn. 06801
My choices for the 1965 increment to the National Sojourners Roll of Honor are the following:
1.
2.
3 .
4 .
5 .
Signed
Use other side for comments and suggestions
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Your choice for the five Masons to be added to the National Sojourners Roll of Honor of Masonic Patriots and Military Masons may be made from the list of nominees which follows. Select the five greatest Americans, according to your judgement. If you have other names to suggest for inclusion among the nominees please send it in with brief biographical notes and pertinent dates.
Anderson, Richard C. (1750-1826) Contl. major, Kentucky pioneer.
Armstrong, John (1775-1843) Contl., major, diplomat, Secy. War.
Astor, John Jacob, (1763-1848) merchant, financier.
Aycock, Charles B. (1859-1912) lawyer, govr. N. Car., public educ. sponsor.
Barlow, Joel (1754-1812) Contl. Army chaplain, poet, diplomat.
Beadle, William H. H. (1828-1915) Union general, S. Dak. educator.
Booth, Edwin T. (1833-1893) actor, founded Players' Club.
Burbeck, Henry (1755-1848) Contl. Army off., brig. gent War 1812.
Butler, Richard (1743-1791) Rev. sold., Indian agt., KA under St. Clair.
Caswell, Richard (1729-1789) planter, Contl. colonel, govr. N. Car.
Chandler, Zachariah (1813-1879) merchant, Senator fr. Mich., Secy. Int.
Chivington, John M. ( ? -1895) Meth. minister, missionary Colo.
Choate, Rufus (1799-1850) orator, jurist, legislator.
Clarke, James P. (1854-1910) lawyer, Senator, govr. of Arkansas.
Clark, Joel (1730-1776) organized Amer. Union Lodge, Contl. cog DW.
Cleaveland, Moses (1754-1806) Contl. capt., pioneer, lawyer.
Clinton, James (1733-1812) Contl. brig. genl., merchant NYC.
Collamore, Jacob (1791-1865) lawyer, Senator fr. Vermont, Post. Mast. Genl.
Colt, Samuel (1814-1862) inventor, industrialist, etc.
Craik, James (1739-1814) Rev. surg., physician to Washington.
Dearborn, Henry (1751-1829) Contl. capt., War 1812 genl. diplomat.
Dallas, George M. (1792-1864) Vice Pres., diplomat.
Dickinson, John (1732-1808) lawyer, legislator, govr. Del.
Elbert, Samuel (1740-1788) Contl. brig. genl., govr., PGM Georgia.
Ellsworth, Oliver (1754-1807) Chief Justice under Washington.
Erskine, Robert (1735-1780) Surveyor gent Contl. Army.
Fay, Jonas (1737-1818) physician, statesman, Vermonter.
Fitch, John (1743-1788) pioneer in steam-boat development.
Fleming, Walter M. (1838-1910) physician, Union Army surg., co-org. Shrine.
French, Benjamin B. (1800-1870) D. C. official, laid Wash. Mon. c/s, PGC KT.
Gibson, John (1740-1822) Rev. soldier co-organizer Indiana Territory.
Gilman, Nicholas (1755-1814) Delegate to Constl. Convent. from New Hamp.
Glick, George W. (1827-1911) lawyer farmer, governor of Kansas.
Gorrie, John (1803-1855) Florida physician, inventor of mechanical refrig.
Greaton, John (1741-1783) Contl. brig. genl.
Gridley, Richard (1711-1796) eng. & arty. off. in colonial and Rev. wars.
Guion, Isaac (1755-1833) Contl. capt. Memphis planter.
Hamtramck, John F. (1757-1803) Contl. capt., reg. army off., Indian agt.
Hancock, Winfield S. (1824-1886) Union genl. Presidential candidate.
Hand, Edward (1744-1802) Contl. brig. genl.
Harmar, Josiah (1753-1813) Rev. sold. Indian agt. NWT, comd USA '84-'91.
Hayes, Moses Michael (1739-1805) Boston merchant, prominent Jewish Mason, PGM.
Heart, Jonathan (1744-1791) Contl. capt. WM Amer. Union Lodge, KA.
Hoban, James (1762-1831) designed built the White House.
Hogun, James (17??-1781) Contl. brig. genl., POW.
Hopkins, Samuel (1750-1819) Contl. col. Congressman, Ky. pioneer.
Ingalls, John J. (1833-1900) lawyer, U.S. Senator from Kansas.
Johnson, Richard Mentor (1780-1850) Vice Pres., killed Tecumseh in battle.
Jones, Noble (1724-1805) Rev. sold., physician, congressman from Georgia.
Kane, Elisha Kent (1820-1857) navy surg. arctic explorer.
King, Thos. Starr (1825-1867) U.S. San Comm. worker, Unit. min. Mass. & Calif .
King, William (1768-1852) merchant lawyer, governor of Maine.
Kirkwood, Samuel G. (1813-1894) farmer, lawyer, govr. Iowa, Secy. Inter.
Kirkwood, Robert (?? - 1791) Contl. capt KA St. Clair's defeat.
Kirby, Ephraim (1757-1804) Contl. sold lawyer, 1st GGHP of RAM.
LaFollette, Robert (1855-1925) lawyer, govr. of Wisc., U.S. Senator.
Lewis, Morgan (1754-1844) Contl. off., War 1812 genl., govn. NY, GM.
Little, George (1754-1809) Contl. Navy capt., Mass. farmer.
Long, Crawford W. (1815-1878) pioneer anesthetist, Georgia surgeon.
Morton, Oliver P. (1823-1877) lawyer war govr. of Indiana, Senator.
Maclane, Allen (1746-1829) Contl. capt., sec. serv. agnt. for Washington.
McClellan, George B., (1826-1885) Union genl., engineer, govr. N.J.
McHenry, James (1753-1816) Aide to Washington, Congress, Secy. War.
Maxwell, William (1738-1798) Contl. maj. genl., legislator.
Meigs, Return Jno., Sr. (1740-1823) Contl. col., pioneer NWT, agt. to Cherokees.
Mitchell, John (1741-1816) Contl. col. 1st Gr .Comdr. AASR, S. Jur.
Murfree, Hardy (1752-1808) Contl. major, Tenn. pioneer.
Nicholas, Samuel (1744-1790) first off. comsd. in U.S. Marine Corps.
Nicholson, James (1736-1804) naval off. commodore comdg. Contl. Navy.
Nicholson, Samuel (1743-1817) naval off., 1st capt. Old Ironsides.
Nixon, John (1727-1815) Contl. brig. genl., Mass., Vermont farmer.
O'Brien, Jeremiah (1744-1818) Contl. Navy capt., Maine politico.
Ogden, Aaron (1756-1839) Contl. off. U.S. Senator, gov. N.J.
Palfrey, William (1741-1780) Aide to Washington, dpl. courier lost at sea
Parsons, Saml. Holden (1737-1789) Contl. maj. genl., pioneer NWT.
Parke, John (1754-1789) Contl. col., poet.
Parker, Ely S. (1826-1895) Aide to Grant, Union off., Indian.
Parvin, Theodore S. (1817-1901) founder Iowa Grand Lodge library.
Paterson, John (1744-1808) Contl. maj. genl., Congress, N.Y. Jurist.
Paulding, John (1758-1818) Rev. sold. helped capture Andre.
Peale, Chas. Wilson (1741-1827) Contl. Off., painter.
Poinsett, Joel (1779-1851) legislator, diplomat, Secy. War.
Polk, William (1758-1834) Rev. off., War 1812, politico.
Posey, Thos. (1750-1818) Contl. off., U.S. brig. genl., Senator La., govr. Ind.
Preble, Edward (1761-1807) nav. off. War 1812, commodore.
Quitman, John A. (1798-1858) lawyer, Congress, brig. genl. Mex. War. govr. Miss.
Rice, Henry M. (1816-1894) Minnesota pioneer, Ind. Commissioner, Senator
Robbins, Joseph (1834-1904) physician Grand Master of Illinois.
Rose, Uriah M. (1834-1913) Jurist, writer, Arkansas traveler.
Sanders, Wilbur Fisk (1834-1905) Union off., Mont. pioneer & vigilante.
Scammell, Alex. (1747-1781) schooI teacher, surveyor, DW Yorktown.
Seabury, Samuel (1729-1796) chap. Brit. regts., first PE Bishop in America.
Sears, Isaac (1730-1786) merchant in N.Y., Son of Liberty, privateersman.
Sevier, John (1745-1816) victor Kings Mt., Congress, 1st govr. Tenn.
Shays, Daniel (1747-1825) Contl. off., leader pop. revolt in Mass.
Shields, James (1806-1879) soldier, U.S. Senator fr. Ill., Minn., Missouri.
Shoup, George L. (1836-1900) first terr. govr. Idaho, U.S. Senator.
Smith, John Carson (1832-1910) Union col., Iieut. govr., GM Illinois.
St. Clair, Arthur (1736-1818) Contl. maj. genl., Congress, govr. NWT.
Sumner, Jethro (1738-1785) N. Car. planter, Contl. brig. genl.
Teller, Henry Moore (1830-1914) Congress, Secy. Int., comd. Colo. state forces.
Tilton, James (1745-1822) Contl. Army surg., congress, wrote Med. Regs.
Thempson, William (1736-1781) merchant, Contl. brig. genl, was casualty.
Tompkins, Daniel D. (1774-1826) Jurist, govr., Vice Pres., GM N.Y.
Turner, Thos. (1815-1874) Union col., lawyer, congress from Illinois.
Vaile, William N. (1876-1927) lawyer, congress fr. Colo., soldier.
Vance, Zebulon (1830-1894) soldier, Senator, gov. N.C.
Varnum, Jas. Mitchell (1748-1789) Contl. brig. genl., early judge NWT.
Welles, Gideon (1802-1878) editor, diarist, Secy. Navy '61-'65.
Weedon, George (1730-1790) Va. merch. Contl. brig. genl.
Wheeler, Joseph (1836-1906) merchant, soldier, Congressman fr. Alabama.
Whipple, Abraham (1733-1819) Contl. Navy off., took prizes worth a million.
Williams, Otho Holland (1749-1794) Balto. Merch., Contl. brig. genl.
Woodford, William (1734-1780) Va. merch., Contl. brig. genl., POW and DD.
Yell, Archibald (1797-1847) lawyer, KA Buena Vista. GM Arkansas.
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Freemasonry Aids Reconstruction
BY ALLEN E. ROBERTS, F.P.S
4. Bitterness In The Political Arena
THE ELECTION of 1866 resulted in a decisive victory for the Radicals. But Andrew Johnson would not back down on his principles. He knew the voters had decided nothing. They had no chance to voice an opinion on any of the issues, not even the Fourteenth Amendment. A smoke screen had been effectively laid by his opponents and all questions about his Southern policy were evaded. He believed the public would have backed him if the issues had been squarely faced.
Courageous, indeed, would have been the Republican who stepped up to the open ballot box in the election of 1866 and dropped in a vote for Johnson. He would have had to withstand the scorn, wrath, and social ostracism of his neighbors. The secret ballot was more than a decade away and a man would have a difficult time explaining to his friends and associates why he was voting for a man whom even a vast majority of Republican preachers had condemned.
While Andrew Johnson, the Mason, was committing political suicide by upholding the Constitution of the United States, as he firmly believed he was doing, Freemasonry went about its business of spreading goodwill and Brotherly Love throughout the country. While politicians were doing everything in their power to win votes, regardless of who was hurt (a situation which, unfortunately, still exists), Masons during the post-war era were doing everything in their power to heal the wounds still raw from the war.
The Grand Lodge of Wisconsin, on June 11, 1867, reported: "In very many localities in the Southern States, Master Masons, and the widows and orphans of Master Masons, are in a state of almost destitution, not having at the present time, the common necessaries of life, which appeals loudly and earnestly, for the exercise of Masonic charity.
"And disregarding all questions, differences and conditions of a civil or political character, and governed only by Masonic obligation, your Committee recommends a donation of ten hundred dollars by this Grand Lodge, out of the charity fund, for the purpose herein contemplated; and that the sum be drawn, by the Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master and Grand Secretary, and so disposed of as shall in their opinion reach the true objects of Masonic Charity in the Southern States.
"Your Committee reports further: that we find, from the best evidence within our reach, that the subordinate Lodges of this State have donated the sum of $823.50, for the same purpose, $793.50 of which has been paid in to the Grand Secretary, and by him disbursed as directed by the Grand Master. The balance sent directly, from the several Lodges donating, to the South."
The Grand Lodge of New Hampshire met the following day and it, too, appropriated a substantial sum "for the benefit of necessitous Lodges in the Southern States." The Grand Master of Masons in Minnesota, C. W. Nash, also made a plea: "In this case, their great hour of need, we should fulfill that great mission that Masonry teaches, which is to feed the hungry and destitute; to clothe the naked; to soothe and cherish the disconsolate; to bind up the wounds of the broken-hearted; and, in the spirit of Masonry, forgive the errors of the past, remembering that to forget is noble, to forgive, divine; that indiscretion in them should not destroy humanity in us." The result of his plea - $2,292.65 for the South!
The Grand Lodge of Alabama, when it met on December 2, 1867, had received some $3,500 from Masons in the North. Grand Master Wilson Williams commented: "Just emerging from a long and disastrous civil strife, in which clouds and darkness were round about us, with the war echoes and their wail of woe still tingling in our ears, and longing for peace and tranquillity, we gathered our clans of scattered craftsmen to comfort those that mourned, and give aid to the destitute; we could not give aid to the afflicted, for they mourned those that were not, and exhausted our means ere the work of relief was well begun. Thus, powerless to succor, the voice of cheer comes to us from our northern brethren - enemies in war, in peace, friends - and the hand of charity is extended to a fallen foe. They bid us welcome to their hearts and give of their substance to relieve our necessities. We accept with grateful hearts, the aid thus tendered, and in these acts of fraternal sympathy we recognize the influence of those noble tenets of our time-honored order - 'Brotherly love, relief and truth.' By it the gulf of strife is bridged over, and we enter a land of peace and harmony, where our feet tread the sacred pavement of the Lodge. Would that Masonry were universal; then would all enemies be subdued, and the nations learn war no more."
The lessons of toleration taught in Freemasonry appeared to be lost on the vast majority of politicians, clergymen, and the press. As Masons endeavored to ease the pangs of war, others with the power to unite the country were keeping it divided. Barefaced lies were spread about the President, although those who spread them knew his plan was one of conciliation and forgiveness for the people of the South (but not its war-time leaders.) Johnson's adversaries proposed and fought for a policy of coercion. Johnson insisted the Constitution be followed to the letter, so his opponents replied with sweeping amendments.
Each time the President of the United States vetoed a bill passed by Congress, it was pounced upon and overridden with shouts of exultation. But Johnson was not intimidated or discouraged by threats or obstructions. He was grimly determined to fight for his principles until the bitter end. And the end came.
Johnson fought back with his power of patronage. He began replacing officeholders loyal to his opposition with men of his own choosing. The House and Senate found themselves attacked upon their flank. Party discipline was being destroyed. Unless they did something quickly they might have to compromise with "the great criminal of the White House," or even capitulate. So, the Tenure-of-Office was quickly passed. The President was left powerless to remove any official without the approval of the Senate.
The President, deciding to test the Constitutionality of the Act, and having found the Mason, Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, an ally of his opponents and no longer endurable as a member of his Cabinet, sent him a note on August 5, 1867: "Sir: Public considerations of a high character constrain me to say that your resignation as Secretary of War will be accepted." Stanton refused to "resign the office of Secretary of War before the next meeting of Congress. "
On August 12 the President appointed General Ulysses S. Grant to the post of Secretary of War and so notified Stanton, who replied that "inasmuch as the General commanding the armies of the United States has been appointed ad interim, and has notified me that he has accepted the appointment, I have no alternative but to submit, under protest, to superior force."
But Grant decided to back up Stanton and did not accept the office. On February 21, 1868, Johnson, by virtue of the power invested in him "by the Constitution and laws of the United States," again notified Stanton he was removed. This time Brevet Major General Lorenzo Thomas was empowered "to act as Secretary of War ad interim."
At long last the President had "violated" one of the obnoxious bills which had been forced upon him. The House received the news with exultation! It was the first time he had been caught derelict in his duties. Immediately Johnson's leading opponents went to work on a bill of impeachment. But it did not stop with the removal of Stanton. The bill became so ponderous, embracing all of the President's alleged offenses, "from the misdemeanor of malfeasance in office to the high crime of bad manners." It became so all - embracing many people in the country then, and even today, did not know exactly what Johnson was guilty of doing, or not doing.
On Monday, February 24, 1868, the House of Representatives "resolved to impeach Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors." The Senate was so advised and Monday, March 31, 1868, was set for the commencement of the "trial. "
A person viewing the national Capitol on the morning of March 31st would have believed some great social event was about to take place. Fashionably dressed women were arriving in droves and flocking up the broad stairway. Their gala attire added luster to their surroundings in the Halls of Congress. But only a few were allowed to pass the doorkeepers of the Senate galleries. And those sentinels had a most difficult time for they were besieged with arguments, explanations, and when turned away, with unlady-like words of abuse.
A ticket system had been arranged for the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson and those who could not be admitted considered the system a "gross infringement of American liberty, a scandalous abuse of political patronage, and generally an outrage." It was repeatedly asserted that Congressmen and Senators had disposed of their tickets to the highest bidders. It was claimed they had received "fabulous prices" for them.
Strangely enough, although the rotunda and the lobbies of both Houses were crowded, few males sought admittance to the Senate galleries. Every available seat was occupied by members of the fair sex long before noon. Their gay apparel contrasted strangely with the somber scene upon the floor. Washington was represented behind the flutter fans by ladies of every official walk of life. Wives and daughters of Congressmen mingled freely with the social leaders of other sets. And the galleries buzzed with chatter and laughter.
The busy tongues were stilled when the sergeant-at-arms rose and commanded silence. The Senators were in their places, except for one vacancy, but that was quickly filled by a man whom no one thought would have the nerve to take his place as one of the judges of Andrew Johnson. He was Benjamin Wade the man who would become President of the United States, if, as seemed most likely, Andrew Johnson was impeached. It appeared to many that the Senator from Ohio had committed a breach of good taste against everything men held dear and cast doubt upon the integrity of the Court.
The Chief Justice of the United States, Salmon P. Chase, who had campaigned against Johnson, was ushered into the chambers and faced 54 Senators, representing 27 States and nearly forty million people. The counsel for the President followed. There were five: Henry Stanberry, former Attorney-General of the United States, Benjamin Curtis, former Justice of the Supreme Court, Thomas Nelson, one of the ablest lawyers of Tennessee, William M. Evarts, and William Groesbeck.
"The Honorable Managers on behalf of the House of Representatives" was next announced and six men walked in pairs with arms linked. They were Butler, the Mason who hated the President passionately, George S. Boutwell, John A. Bingham, Thomas Williams, Benjamin Wilson, and John A. Logan. After they were seated, all eyes were focused on the entrance.
A solitary figure of an emaciated old man, leaning heavily on a cane and dragging a crippled foot along the floor, crept toward the bar of the Senate. He declined a place at the manager's table, drew a chair apart from his associates and settled himself to watch the proceedings. Thaddeus Stevens, the antiMason, and anti-everything, with the hand of death upon his shoulder, had come to aid in the degrading of one of the men he hated - Andrew Johnson.
The Chief Justice said: "The Sergeant-at-Arms will open the court by proclamation."
"Hear ye! hear ye! hear ye! All persons are commanded to keep silence while the Senate of the United States is sitting for the trial of the articles of impeachment exhibited by the House of Representatives against Andrew Johnson, President of the United States."
The most infamous trial in the history of the Republic had started.
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BY ALPHONSE CERZA, F.P.S. (Life), Ill.
THE AUGUST, 1964 issue of The New Age contains a very interesting article entitled "The Origin of Freemasonry. " This intriguing subject is presented in seven pages and gives a fine summary of various organizations of the Ancient World which have been linked with the Craft because they had certain characteristics similar to Freemasonry. Copies are available from The New Age, 1733 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C., at fifteen cents.
The July, 1964 issue of The New Age contains an illuminating article on the Masonic Speakers of the House of Representatives. Copies are available as stated above.
Brother Jerry Erikson, who for years has been researching professional baseball players who have been Masons, has brought his work up to date. The Royal Arch Mason, summer, 1964 issue, lists 411 baseball players who have been members of the Craft. Reprints of this list are available at ten cents for one copy or five cents each when ordering two or more; send orders to Jerry R. Erickson, Box 424, Pico Rivera, California.
The June, 1964 issue of the Proceedings of United Masters Lodge No. 167 announces that The Research Lodge of Otago, No. 161, proposes to publish later this year a New Zealand Ritual Pronouncing Dictionary, prepared by Brother B.H.B. Pinfold. Orders are being received by G. L. Austin, 72 Aberdeen Road, Dunedin, S. W. 1, New Zealand, at 15/ a copy.
In the year 1950 there was published a three volume work entitled "Church and State" by Canon Anson Phelps Stokes. It was the definitive work on the subject up to that time. Recently the book was brought up to date by Leo Pfeffer and reduced into one volume. Published by Harper & Row, of New York, Evanston, and London this volume is a valuable book of reference for anyone interested in the subject of the separation of church and state.
This volume gives the historical background of religious freedom in the United States. It then covers the historical development of the subject and presents the legal aspects of the battle. The relation of various religious groups to the subject is covered in detail. The present status of the subject is stated briefly. There is an adequate bibliography and index. The book is available at $12.50.
"A History of Secret Societies," by Arkon Daraul may be of interest to some of our readers. This cloth bound book of 250 pages deals with about two dozen so-called "secret societies." The Craft is not one of the organizations discussed; Freemasonry is mentioned in several places; it is described as an organization which is "not entirely secret." Entire chapters are devoted to organizations which can be of no interest whatsoever to Masons. There are some that will have slight interest, such as the Ancient Mysteries and the Rites of Mithra. Several chapters are devoted to the Knights Templar, which will be of interest to Masons. There is a description of the Illuminati and the Rosicrucians which have been of interest to Masons for many years merely because many non-Masons have sought to connect them with the Craft.
The book is available from The Citadel Press, 222 Park Avenue, South, New York, N.Y. at $4.95.
The Missouri Lodge of Research is now completing its twenty-first annual Transactions, which will be published later this year, and will be called Sword And Trowel, the story of Military or Traveling Lodges, and written by John Black Vrooman of Missouri, and Allen E. Roberts of Virginia, sent to all members of the Missouri Lodge of Research, and available to others at a cost of $4.00. This volume, a study of those Masonic Lodges, officially constituted by Regular Grand Lodges, is the actual story of Masonry Follows The Flag, being the traditional and interesting travels of Military and Naval men, members of the Fraternity, who carried Freemasonry with them into the thick of battle, and into camp, field, wilderness, and bivouac, making Freemasonry a living, vital force in the lives of those to whom camp life was hardship and deprivation. Particular attention is given to military activities in North America, and a thorough resume of traveling Lodges at the present time, in Europe and elsewhere. This is one of the subjects little studied by historians, and one which still has many possibilities for further research.
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Welcome to
New Members
We are pleased to welcome the following new members into the Philalethes Society since the last issue of the magazine:
CARL FROMMHERZ, 3724 N. Hermitage Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60613.
ERNEST A. RUTLEDGE, 910 West 10th, McCook, Nebraska.
JACOB W. SCHAFER, Brockton, Schuylkill Co., Pennsylvania.
AUGUSTEENE STEWART, Box 164, Luray, Virginia 22835.
JOHN LAWRENCE RUNNALS, 50 Strathcona Drive, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
E. FLOYD PROCTOR, 140 West Light St., Urbana, Ohio.
HARVEY WALKER, Sr., 99 West South St., Worthington, Ohio.
C. J O H N BELLMAN, Jr., 546 Neilson St., LaJolla, California 94707.
ROYAL Wm. RANDALL, 1556 Blair Ave., Mobile, Alabama 36604.
JOHN D. SWENSON, Box 876, Leverett, Mass.
ERIC L. JACKSON, 24 Mason St., Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.
HORATIO C. UNDERWOOD, 4631 W. Warwick Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60641.
C. W. PATES. Somerset, Kentucky, C/O Beecher Hotel.
CARL BARTRAM SHELLY, 150 North Third Street, Steelton, Pennsylvania.
HERMON N. GEORGE, 7026 Marinthiana Ave., Youngstown 12, Ohio.
J. FRANCIS HOPP, R. D. 1, Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
JOHN CUTHBERT GIBSON, P.O. Box 202, Ocean Falls, B. C., Canada.
WALTER SOOGE, 2551 Madison St., Eugene, Oregon.
HARVEY O. NIELSEN, 984 E. Northampton St., Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
ANDREW FRANK JOHNSON, 15549 Budlong Place, Gardena, Calif. 90247.
J. MANFRED GUSTAFSON, 603 Poplar St., Tallulah, Louisiana.
HAROLD HILL YOUNG. P.O. Box 83, Westlake, Louisiana.
DR. LEONARD B. VOORHEES, 9435 King Memorial Highway, Chardon, Ohio 44024.
SAMUEL HERMAN LEVIN, 2300 Lincoln Park West, Chicago, Ill.
GEORGE THAYER, Rt. 1, Springfield, Lousiana.
WILLIAM MAKEPEACE MARR, R. D. No. 3, Box 91, Fleetwood, Pennsylvania .
JULIAN PHILIP MYERS, P. O. Box 110, Fort Fraser, B. C., Canada.
WILLIAM CLINTON SEITZ, Gambier. Ohio 43022.
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Missouri Hosts Midwest Conference
ONE OF THE OUTSTANDING Masonic groups that meets each year to discuss better means of an understanding of the basic principles of Freemasonry, is the Midwest Conference on Masonic Education.
This organization, composed of representative leaders of twelve midwestern states, with the several Committees on Masonic Education taking the lead in drawing programs whereby papers and discussion can be had on Masonry. Chester B. Steele, of Illinois, is President, Joseph A. Batchelor, o f Indiana is Vice-President, and Dawson Grim, of Iowa is Secretary-Treasurer.
The Planning Committee which has outlined the 1964 program, to be held in St. Louis, Missouri, October 22, 23 and 24, 1964, is composed of Lewis C. "Wes" Cook, of Missouri, Ben W. Graybill, P. G. M. of Kansas, and Ted C. Zacherias, of Iowa, with M. W. Ingvald O. Hembre, of Wisconsin, as an ex-officio member. Planning the local meeting of the conference is O. Wes Konering, of Missouri, Chairman, R. W. Elmer W. Wagner, Grand Secretary, and John Black Vrooman.
The meetings of the Midwest Conference will be held in the spacious quarters of Moolah Temple of the Shrine on Lindell Boulevard, St. Louis. Headquarters for the guests will be at the Diplomat Motel, on Kingshighway, just north of Lindell Boulevard. A special Ladies Program has been arranged for the visiting ladies, under the direction of Mrs. William H. (Betty) Chapman, wife of the Junior Grand Steward of the Grand Lodge of Missouri.
On Thursday evening, October 22, 1964, there will be the registration of delegates and a social hour, at the Diplomat Motel. On Friday, October, 23, 1964, the Conference will be opened by Wes Cook, Chairman of the Program Committee, with a welcome from the M. W. Grand Master of Masons in Missouri, and a response from M. W. Arthur C. Hodgson, Grand Master of Kansas. The invocation will be given by R. W. Ira T. Gragg, one of the Grand Chaplains of the Grand Lodge of Missouri. The agenda of the conference will follow.
Presiding at the opening General Theme Session will be Ingvald O. Hembre, with a paper - The Man, the Church and the Lodge, by Forrest C. Haggard, Kansas. What Come Ye Here To Do ? will be discussed by Joseph A. Batchelor, of Indiana. A Review of Masonic Books, Periodicals and Literature, will be given by Alphonse Cerza, of Illinois to close the morning session.
A Lodge Program A Month, The Development of Masonic Leadership, Sharing Our Masonic Education Experiences and Needs, A Panorama of Masonic Education, and a paper by a former President of the Conference, M. W. Clyde E. Hegman, on The Founders of the Midwest Conference, will close the educational part of the program, which will be followed by a business session, election of officers, and committee reports. The banquet for delegates and their ladies will be held at Moolah Temple's fine dining room that evening
The conference will continue through Saturday morning, October 24, with talks on Masonic Education - Texas Style, by John E. Kelly, Editor of the Texas Freemason, A Masonic Map Project, by Albert L. Woody, and a paper - The Philalethes - A Masonic Workshop, by M. W. Brother Robert H. Gollmar, First Vice President of the Philalethes Society.
William R. Denslow, of Missouri will discuss Lodges of Research - Their Contribution to Masonic Education. There will be a final business session, the installation of officers, and a farewell luncheon, give the several visitors at the Conference a chance to speak, and the conference will be closed.
It has been tentatively planned to have a dinner meeting of the many officers, Fellows, members and interested brethren of the Philalethes Society on Saturday evening, following the close of the conference. There are so many who belong to both groups, that the opportunity for closer association affords a splendid opportunity for greater understanding and interest.
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OUR FELLOWSHIP SOON SHOWS A CHANGE
In the August issue of the "Philalethes" magazine we have a resume of our world-wide Fellowship. Death and the election of new Fellows, have changed this group, so we give you herewith the latest statistics on our Fellowship.
TOTAL FELLOWSHIP 40 (now all filled)
Life Fellows - R.V. Harris, Harold V B. Voorhis, Dr. William Moseley Brown; John Black Vrooman; Alphonse Cerza and Elbert Bede.
Foreign Fellows - R.V. Harris, Nova Scotia; Antonio Gonzales, Philippines; Marius LePage, France; Ross E. Hepburn, New Zealand, Jose Oller, Panama and George S. Draffen, Scotland.
Continental United States - New York 5, California 5, Virginia 3; Missouri 3, Illinois 2; and one each from Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Maryland, Michigan, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin.
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Elbert Bede, Life Fellow
Has Contributed Much
Elbert Bede, F.P.S., who has just completed his term of office as President of the Society on December 31, 1963, has, by order of Harold V. B. Voorhis, F.P.S., Life, Chairman of the Committee on Fellows of the Society, been made a Life Fellow.
Bede's activity in the Society has extended back for many years, as he has served in the several stations prior to his election as President, and, in addition, his work as Chairman of the important Membership Committee of the Society was outstanding.
Editor Emeritus of the Oregon Freemason, he has contributed many unusual articles, mellowed by his intimate knowledge of the traditions and background of the Craft.
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The Masonic Workshop Attracts The Attention Of Our Members
Again looking to 1965, our President, Dr. Charles Gottshall Reigner, F.P.S., has appointed a committee to plan the Masonic Workshop, the annual gathering of the members of the Society and interested Freemasons from all over the world, who will meet in Washington, D.C., at the February "Masonic Week" fellowship activities of the Craft.
Heading this important committee is Charles F. Adams, M.P.S., nationally known as the Grand Treasurer of the General Grand Council, Royal Select Masters International. Active in many phases of Masonic work, Brother Adams will bring dignity and activity to our meetings.
Serving with M. W. Brother Adams are Benjamin F. Ela, (Maine) M.P.S.; Conrad Hahn, (District of Columbia), F.P.S.; Charles S. McGinness, (Kansas), M. P. S.; Wylie B. Wendt. (Kentucky) M. P. S., and William E. Yeager, (Pennsylvania), M.P.S. With such a committee working towards greater enlightenment in Masonic matters, it is assured that the Workshop will be one of interest and worth.
It is too early to announce the topics which will be taken for action, but when the group meets in February, it will be something of great worth that will be presented to the Brethren.
Since this week in Washington has been traditionally one in which Masonic activities have been highly emphasized and fostered, it is believed that the Philalethes Society, as a group intensely interested in the spreading of Masonic Light and Knowledge, will be able to make an important contribution to those in attendance. Further data will be announced in a forthcoming issue of our magazine.
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Hahn and Hunt Named
Fellows
Following the deaths of Roscoe Pound and Philip Coad, Fellows of the Philalethes Society, Harold V. B. Voorhis, F.P.S., Life, Chairman of the Committee on Fellows of the Society, has announced that Conrad Hahn and Bruce H. Hunt have been elected Fellows to fill these vacancies.
Conrad Hahn, Past Grand Master of Masons in Connecticut, and present Executive Secretary of the Masonic Service Association of the United States has had a brilliant and forceful career, which has given inspiration to all with whom he has come in contact.
A forceful speaker, a brilliant writer, and an executive with far reaching influence, his selection is most appropriate.
Bruce H. Hunt, Past Grand Master of Masons in Missouri, Past Grand Master of the Grand Council of Missouri, Royal and Select Masters, and presently Grand Secretary-Recorder of Grand Chapter, Grand Council and Grand Commandery, is also a member and Secretary of the York Rite Commission on Unity, appointed last year by the General Grand Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and the General Grand Council, Royal and Select Masters.
Brother Hunt has been very active in the small Masonic Research Groups meeting in Washington each year at the time of the annual meetings of the Grand Masters, Grand Secretaries, Masonic Service Association, and George Washington National Masonic Memorial Association, having presided over several of these groups, and on important committees of others. This choice, too, is one of wisdom and merit. Congratulations to these two brethren on the honors that they have been awarded.
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Marius LePage . . . Fellow!
In September 1932, in the early beginnings of the Society, our Brother Marius LePage, a diligent and hard worker in the quarries of Freemasonry, became a member of the Philalethes Society, and, because of his hard work, was named a Fellow in 1947.
The Editor of Le Symbolisme, of France, one of the leading Masonic publications of the Continent, he was in military service from 1922-1928, and during the War, 1939, served his country well. He was a prisoner of war from 1940 through 1941, and is now Master of his Lodge, and active in all phases of Freemasonry.
Due to circumstances beyond his control, it was necessary for our Brother to relinquish his Fellowship, but now, with other and more fortunate circumstances, he is again a Fellow of the Philalethes, and will be able to continue his fine contributions to the literature and facets of the Craft. We heartily welcome Brother LePage as a Fellow, and look forward to his help in our work.
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BY ELBERT BEDE, F.P.S.
Little Ashlar Lodge No. 209, Portland, Oregon, was a participant, a few years ago, in an incident that may be without parallel in Masonic history. This incident may be said to have had its inception in Tripoli, situated in that part of Syria which has become Lebanon, and was concluded several thousand miles and 40 years later in Oregon, U.S.A. Tripoli is located in an area which Nature has lavishly favored scenically and where a high culture exists, but in 1917 war had reared its ugly head and brought distress to a people who wished only to be left alone to enjoy life in the manner of many years.
Frank Roberta, a machine gunner who already had survived famous battles in Belgium and was later to receive the English gold bar (equivalent of the purple heart) to add to other decorations, was a top sergeant in a Welch regiment which was a part of the English forces that had taken the city of Tripoli from the Turks and Germans. Sergeant Roberta's outfit was assigned to police the city and guard a huge amount of materiel stored on school grounds.
Forty years later Roberta, by now long a citizen of the United States, was Secretary of Ashlar Lodge when a petition for membership was received from one Robert Bitar, who gave his birthplace as Tripoli, Syria. This led Brother Roberta to relate to Bitar his service in Tripoli with the British. To the astonishment of Brother Roberta, Bitar gave the information that as teenagers he and a brother Frank, now also a member of Ashlar, had lived near the school grounds where the English had stored their material, and were so living at the time Roberta was stationed there. Now, for a third of a century, they had been almost near neighbors in the U.S.A.
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Notes, Queries and Information
On Items of Masonic Research
BY JAMES R. CASE F.P.S.
1964 - No. 5
THE NUMBER OF LETTERS CONTAINING QUESTIONS which relate to matters of fact in Masonic history and biography, seem to justify their treatment in a column separate from the Editor's CHAT & COMMENT, where they have previously appeared.
Our members and readers ore invited to send in material appropriate for use in this column, especially information concerning research currently under way. The Editor will assist the sponsor of this column which is supervised and run by Brother James R. Case, F.P.S. but ALL COMMUNICATIONS should be addressed to the Editor.
It should be noted that this page is for the EXCHANGE of information and opinion, and does not pretend to provide the final answer to any query.
173 - Masonic Streets, (August 1964) Norman C. Dutt, F.P.S. of Berkeley. California writes that in Norfolk, Virginia, the old Masonic Temple was located at Freemason and Brewer Streets one block west of Granby Street. About three blocks east of Granby on Freemason Street is the mosque of Khedive Temple, A.A.O.N.M.S. The new Masonic Temple in Norfolk is located on Granby Street near Ward's Corners. Also Albany, California, the next door neighbor to Berkeley, has a Masonic Avenue. "This is an easy five minute walk from my home," he says.
Lee W. Harris, M.P.S. of Alexandria, Louisiana informs us that Alexandria has a city street running out from the business district in a southerly direction known as Lee Street, and from this Lee Street Masonic Drive leads off, passing through City Park and to the Masonic Home for Children, then becomes the State Highway towards Lake Charles.
The highway passing through the property of the Masonic Home and Hospital at Wallingford, Connecticut and on which the main building fronts, is designated Masonic Avenue
174 - Names and Numbers (August 1964) In 1792, at the "amalgamation" (as it was then called) of the Grand Lodges in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, it was decreed that Lodges in that jurisdiction would be known by name. There were a number that sought the coveted number one, but in the interest of peace and harmony it was agreed to dispense with numbers, we are told in a letter from Norman C. Dutt, F.P.S. of Berkeley, California. He adds that this is easy to understand as Freemasons like John Cutler, Moses Michael Hayes, Paul Revere, Isaiah Thomas, Joseph Laughton, Perez Morton, Aaron Dexter and others were present at that august communication when the present Grand Lodge of Massachusetts was formed.
Lodges in Cuba, (before Castro) were known only by name, and a careful scrutiny reveals some beautiful titles. It is also interesting to note that before the Communists took over in Czecho-Slovakia, the Masonic Lodges in that country were known only by name.
175 - Salt in Freemasonry. Brother Benjamin H. Weston, P. O. Box 3601, Lantana, Flordia, is preparing an article concerning the Masonic Use of Salt. He has consulted the usual references and been in communication with a number of research groups. Specifically he is asking (1) whether or not any Grand Jurisdiction in the United States uses salt in a Masonic ceremony, and (2) the first mention on the record of the use of salt in connection with any Masonic practise. (We look forward to reading his paper in an early issue of the Philalethes magazine. Editor.)
176 - Lodge At South Pole. I remember having seen some reference to a Masonic Lodge held in Little America during one of the expeditions to the Antarctic under Admiral Byrd. Where can I find a complete story of that Lodge? And was Admiral Byrd a Mason? ( Richard E. Byrd (1888- 1957) was a Mason. See 10,000 Famous Freemasons, edited by William R. Denslow, F.P.S.)
177 - Essenes. A note from Brother M.I. Munch Sumner, Washington, inquires about the Essene Order, organized in Olympia, Washington, in 1888, and which had a membership of 35,000 in 1897. Who can give us some information on the activities of this society?
178 - Masonic Place Names. A future project of Norman C. Dutt, F.P.S. of Berkeley, California, is to ascertain the names of Masonic implication attached to trails, hills mountains and other topographic locations in California. He tells us the mother lode country is just loaded with them. (This would be a fine project for someone to undertake in every state in the Union. Editor.)
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Goethe, the German poet and philosopher, and a great Mason, said that talent may develop in solitude, but character is created in society. It is the fruit of fellowship. Genius may shine aloof and alone, like a star, but goodness is social, and it takes God and two men to make a Brother. We are tied together, seeking that truth which none may learn for another, and none may learn alone. If evil men can drag us down, good men can lift us up. None of us are strong enough to do without companionship of goodmen and concentrations of great ideals. Here lies, perhaps, the deepest meaning and value of Masonry; it is a fellowship of men seeking goodness, and to be drawn into its spirit and quest, is to be made better ourselves.
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WE WANT YOU TO GET THE MAGAZINE
If you move PLEASE let us know, so we can change our records, and so you too, can get your magazine. Each issue of the magazine we have a large number of returns for lack of proper address. We not only must PAY to get this remedied, but the reader is deprived of his magazine. Let us know when you move, please