Contents
It Seems To Me John Edgar Hoover
Great Medieval Abbey in 1277 A.D. Grand Masters and Provincial Grand Lodges
A Hexagonal Report on Washington Recommended Masonic Reading
Masonic Education Unusually Diversified Valley Forge Chapter
Chat and Comment What’s In a Name
New Commandery Under Dispensation In Guatemala Joseph von Sonnenfels
More About the
Loge Des Neuf Soeurs
On Items of Masonic Research
Published bi-monthly at Franklin, Indiana by
THE PHILALETHES SOCIETY
John Black Vrooman, F.P.S. Editor
Box 402, St. Louis, Missouri 63166
OFFICERS
William R. Denslow, F.P.S. President
P.O. Box 529
Trenton, Missouri 64683
William E. Yeager, F.P.S. First Vice President
350 Pennsylvania Avenue, W.
Warren, Pennsylvania 16365
Robert V. Osborne, F.P.S. Second Vice President
3624 Giffard Road,
Franksville, Wisconsin 53126
Franklin J. ("Andy") Anderson, F.P.S. Executive Secretary
P. O. Box 529
Trenton, Missouri 64683
Ronald E. Heaton, F.P.S. Treasurer
728 Haws Avenue
Norristown, Pennsylvania 19401
LIVING PAST PRESIDENTS
Philalethes Society
Lee E. Wells, F.P.S.
Alphonse Cerza, F.P.S. (Life)
Dr. Charles Gottshall Reigner, F.P.S.
Judge Robert H. Gollmar, F.P.S.
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Jerry Marsengill, M.P.S.
2602 Terrace Road
Des Moines, Iowa 50312
Alphonse Cerza, F.P.S., (Life)
237 Millbridge Road Riverside, Illinois 60546
Melvin L. Pfankuche, M.P.S.
14267-130th Place N.E.
Kirkland, Washington 98033
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY EMERITUS
Carl R. Greisen. F.P.S.
Volume XXV, No. 4
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By John Black Vrooman, F.P.S.
THAT It is a wonderful feeling to have the many compliments and congratulations from friends when one has attained an honor or passed a milestone. It is something that thrills and energizes a person beyond all reason, but on the other hand, it must be realized that there are two sides to the coin - values never change, though human emotions, ambitious yearnings and unrestrained lust for power and recognition still prowl with unrestrained venom.
It is nice to be recognized, but it is neither good will nor good policy to be so intent on personal elation over such honors that the personal feelings, the lives of others are affected. In other words, to literally "scratch out the eyes" of another man just to get a so-called honor, is hardly a Masonic way of rewarding his (and others') vote of confidence in the award given.
Honors also have their own responsibility of more and better work in the field in which the honor has been given. It was by the confidence of our fellow men that these honors were bestowed, and it is to these men that he who is honored should devote the best efforts to justify and appreciate that honor.
Too often we hear of those honored by their fellows who take that honor, not in the spirit of service in which it was intended, but in an arrogant and irresponsible aura of complacency. It is not so! To him who works in the field of Masonry (or in whatever other line of endeavor he may choose), the real honor he receives when he is selected to be recognized, is the satisfaction of a job well done, a difficult task well performed, and a heartfelt knowledge that it was done because it was good, and because the man who did it was honest with himself in knowing that it should be done.
Far be it from anyone to downgrade any honor, but seeing some who are given more than usual recognition, it often deteriorates to less than an empty ritual.
Honors certainly are rewards for work well done, but likewise, they are - or they should be, an added incentive to better, more dedicated effort in the field in which they are given. Every man should be given his just dues, but each one who receives the accolade of his fellows must realize that it is by the voice of these people, and because of their confidence, that the reward is given.
The confidence of our fellow men is the greatest asset that anyone can have, and to take advantage of that confidence by arrogance is a direct slap in the face. It is necessary that we justify the confidence reposed in us and that we continue to do our work in such an outstanding manner that this confidence will not only blossom into enthusiam, but will give others the inspiration they need to do good for others. It is good for OTHERS that is the real reward, and it is the personal satisfaction for work well done that is the ultimate reward - far above any other merit.
Featured in this issue . ..
IT SEEMS TO ME, Editorial, by John Black Vrooman, F.P.S.
ELECTION TIME BRINGS NECESSITY OF NAMING NEW OFFICERS
JOHN EDGAR HOOVER
A MASTER MASON BUILDS A GREAT MEDIEVAL ABBEY IN 1277 A.D. by James B. Gale
CHICAGO CHAPTER HOLDS NEW STYLE TYPE MEETING
PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTERS AND PROVINCIAL GRAND LODGES by Henry Wilson Coil, F.P.S.
A HEXAGONAL REPORT ON WASHINGTON, by LaVon P. Linn, M.P.S.
RECOMMENDED MASONIC READING, by Alphonse Cerza, F.P.S., Life
TWENTY-THIRD MIDWEST CONFERENCE ON MASONIC EDUCATION
VALLEY FORGE CHAPTER PREPARES FOR ANOTHER YEAR
CHAT AND COMMENT, by Jerry Marsengill, M.P.S.
WHAT'S IN A NAME?, by Charles F. Adams, F.P.S.
NEW SUBORDINATE COUNCIL AND NEW SUBORDINATE COMMANDERY IN GUATAMALA
JOSEPH von SONNENFELS, A SYMBOL OF AUSTRIAN FREEMASONRY, by William Weisberger, M.P.S.
MORE ABOUT THE LOGE DES NEUF SOEURS, by Michel Brodsky, M.P.S.
NOTES, QUERIES AND INFORMATION, by Melvin L. Pfankuche, M.P.S.
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Election Time Brings Necessity of Naming
New Officers To Guide the Society
This being the Triennial year of the Society, it is the time at which a slate of new officers are nominated and elected to guide the affairs of the Society for the next three years. It is a matter of great importance to name those who will, with wisdom, plan and execute activities which will further the ideals of Freemasonry.
Early in the year, our President, William R. Denslow, F.P.S., appointed a Nominating Committee, composed of Carl R. Greisen, F.P.S., and Alphonse Cerza, F.P.S., Life, to search for Freemasons who would best fit the needs of our work. They have worked hard, and have come up with the following nominations:
For President - William E. Yeager, F.P.S.;
For First Vice President - Robert V. Osborne, F.P.S.;
For Second Vice President - Dr. Eugene S. Hopp, M.P.S.;
For Secretary - Franklin J. Anderson, F.P.S., and
For Treasurer - Ronald E. Heaton, F.P.S.
It is a recognized fact that in electing officers, it is the privilege of each member to make a nomination agreeable to his own wish, but it is likewise a fact that the names that have been suggested by the Nominating Committee represent thoughtful care in picking those who, because of their ability and Masonic leadership, can well serve the interests of the Philalethes Society.
President Denslow has named the following members of the Society who will serve to count the ballots cast - Alphonse Cerza, F.P.S., Life; Samuel K. Zipp, M.P.S., and J. Robert Watt, M.P.S.
The ballots will be counted at 10:00 a.m., on October 28, 1972, at the office of Brother Cerza, Room 1410, 19 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603. All members of the Society are urged to take the printed ballot, which will be enclosed in the OCTOBER issue of the Philalethes magazine, and mail to the Ballot Committee in time to be counted when the ballots are counted.
Here then is the procedure for each member to cast his ballot:
1. Mark your ballot.
2. Mail it to Alphonse Cerza at Room 1410, 19 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603.
Nominated for President of the Philalethes Society, is William E. Yeager, F.P.S. A past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge F. & A.M. of Pennsylvania, and chairman for many years of its brilliant Committee on Masonic Education and Culture. An active 33d member of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction in which he is Grand Captain General. Brother Yeager recently was presented his 50-year certificate as a Knight Templar, and is a past Grand Sovereign of the United Imperial Council, Red Cross of Constantine, besides many other high offices held in innumerable Masonic groups.
Nominated for First Vice President is Robert V. Osborne, F.P.S., a past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin, a past Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery, Knights Templar of Wisconsin and very active in the Masonic Youth movement. His zeal for Freemasonry, as indicated by his variety of activity and hard work, makes him an ideal candidate.
The nomination of Dr. Eugene S. Hopp, M.P.S. as Second Vice President, is one that all members will, surely, concur. The leader of the splendid Philalethes Masonic Workshop in the Nation's Capital last year, Brother Hopp did such a splendid job that he was awarded the Certificate of Literature for that year. He is a past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge F. & A. M. of California, and has been given innumerable Masonic honors and assignments.
Nominated to succeed himself as Secretary of the Society, Franklin J. (Andy) Anderson really needs no introduction to the members of the Society.
A past presiding officer of Lodge, Chapter, R.A.M., and Council, R. & S.M., he is the current Commander of his Commandery of Knights Templar. Assistant Editor of the Royal Arch Magazine, he is active in the York Rite bodies of Missouri, a much sought after speaker at Masonic and civic gatherings, and, of course, the indefatigable Secretary of the Philalethes Society. Keeping the records and watching our progress is nothing new to "Andy."
Again nominated for Treasurer of the Society is Ronald E. Heaton, F.P.S. His accurate interpretation and assimilation of the financial affairs of the Society have been meticulous and sound, and his unassuming ability to ferret out facts, whether Masonic or financial, have made him appreciated and respected.
Twice honored by the Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge, he has made priceless contributions to a better knowledge of Colonial Freemasonry. His several "Digests" written for the Masonic Service Association on the Founding Fathers are a reliable and trustworthy textbook for any study that must be made in that field.
Having highlighted the candidates, let it be said, further, that now is the time that all Freemasonry should be accurately informed about the principles, the ideals and the current activities of the Society. First, of course, is the traditional Masonic Workshop held each year in Washington during the week of the general conferences of Freemasons.
This year saw the completion of the tenth annual Masonic Workshop. Started in a most informal way, and with a social and Masonic background of fellowship and information, it has come to a place of great importance, with Masonic leaders taking active part in the exposition of topics of particular interest and importance to all the Craft. It is planned that the 1973 Masonic Workshop will be built around preliminary activity connected with the celebration of the two hundredth anniversary, in 1976, of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Plans are still mobile, but are definitely oriented to a serviceable interpretation of this anniversary, with helpful hints and projects.
Another project of the Society, through the pages of the Philalethes magazine, is the diffusion of Masonic Information, through questions sent, and carried in "Notes & Queries on Masonic Information," under the direction of Melvin L. Pfankuche, M.P.S.
There are students and researchers on all phases of Freemasonry who are members of the Society, and through this means, contact and intercommunication have been established, by which inqueries can be adequately answered by qualified Freemasons.
During the past several years, the Society has been able to send each member of the Society an interesting "Bonus Book." Among these sent are - "Valley Forge Yesterday and Tomorrow" by Ronald E. Heaton, F.P.S.; "The Masonic Fraternity, Its Character, Customs, Ideals and Traditions" by the late Ray V. Denslow, F.P.S., and many other interesting brochures as well as at least three Rosters of the Society, in 1963, 1967 and 1970. Other Bonus Books are contemplated.
Other items of interest to our members is the column each issue, on "Recommended Masonic Reading," by our former President, Alphonse Cerza, F.P.S., Life, with adequate and interesting discussion of Masonic books and reading, that has attracted universal attention and praise.
Brother Jerry Marsengill, M.P.S., our Associate Editor, is conducting a page of "human interest," being items about our members - "Chat & Comment" tells the story of what is happening Masonically. Don't you think, members, that these things could serve as good means of interesting a Masonic friend in becoming a member?
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Cast Your Ballot
Ballots should be mailed to Alphonse Cerza, at
19 South LaSalle Street,
Chicago, Illinois 60603
The following will count the ballots:
Alphonse Cerza,
Samuel K. Zipp, and
J. Robert Watt
Date of counting the ballots:
October 28, 1972
Place:
19 South LaSalle Street,
Room 1410,
Chicago, Illinois 60603
Hour of counting ballots:
10:00 A.M.
NOTE! -
BALLOTS WILL
BE INCLUDED
IN THE OCTOBER
ISSUE OF THE MAGAZINE
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Patriot - Public Servant
Freemason
1895 - 1972
The symbol of Law Enforcement, Righteous Civic life, and public spirited example of Freemasonry, John Edgar Hoover, Chief of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I.), died quietly on May 1, 1972, after a life of service to his country and humanity.
Dedicated to the principles of Freemasonry, Brother Hoover was active in all phases of public service, emphasized the importance of the Law, and ma de possible the American way of Life in human terms.
Born January 4, 1895, in Washington, D.C., he was a graduate of George Washington University, and held several Honorary Degrees in Law and Public Service. He entered the Department of Justice in 1917, and from 1919 to 1921 he was a Special Assistant to the Attorney General. From 1921 through 1924 he was Assistant Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and in 1924 he was named Director of the F.B.I., a position he held until his death.
Masonically, he was raised to the Sublime Degree of Master Mason in Federal Lodge No. 1, F.A.A.M., in Washington, D.C., on November 9, 1920, and became a charter member of Justice Lodge No. 46 on May 15, 1926. A Royal Arch Mason in Lafayette Chapter No. 5, a member of Washington Commandery No. 1, all in Washington, D.C., he received the degrees of the Scottish Rite, and was made an Honorary 33rd degree member of that Rite. A member of Almas Temple of the Shrine, he was active in, and honored by the Order of DeMolay for Boys.
In May, 1950 he received the Grand Lodge of New York's Achievement Award, and has on many occasions been honored by numerous Masonic groups. In 1954 he was given the Gold Medal of the General Grand Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, International Gold Medal.
His greatness lies in his devotion to the principles of law enforcement and the rights of human beings to live as such, under the law. He will be sadly missed.
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A Master Mason Builds a Great Medieval Abbey in 1277 A.D.
By James B. Gale
(A paper read at Midwest Conference on Masonic Education, Columbus, Ohio, April 28, 1972.)
I consider it a great honor to be invited to address this conference, and to be introduced so generously by the Past Master of Mystic Tie Lodge. I would like to offer this afternoon for the further education and enjoyment of this assembly an example of the classroom presentations we used last year in the Mystic Tie Lodge Academy of Masonic Culture.
My subject is: A Master Mason Builds A Great Medieval Abbey In 1277 A.D. Since my time is limited, I intend to move immediately into a development of this colorful and interesting aspect of Ancient Craft Masonry.
Harry Haywood, perhaps the best-balanced and most informative scholar among our modern Masonic writers, offers a significant comment about our brethren of the old medieval Craft. He points out that, when you step in to a Lodge room today, you may not realize it but you are really stepping into medieval times, because the Lodge, in its nomenclature, its organization and procedure, and in its rules and regulations, has remained almost unchanged for centuries. And Haywood assigns great importance to the operative period of Freemasonry; and he implies that an excellent way to learn much about our Fraternity is to inquire into the life, activities, and points of view of our brothers in medieval times.
In somewhat the same vein of thought, Robert Gould, considered by many to be the most learned of the Masonic historians in England, says that most of our symbolism came down to us, through the centuries, as a reflection of the huge Gothic castles, cathedrals, and abbeys designed and erected by our medieval brethren.
A remarkable change had come over Europe by the middle of the 12th Century. This change was brought about in large part by the growth of towns and cities, an increase in the volume of commerce, the activities associated with the Crusades, and the beginnings of peaceful and centralized government. And out of all this social and economic change came the flowering of the style of architecture called The Gothic Style.
The instant success of this new fashion in building stemmed from the fact that it united two major ideas. One was the use of the ribbed vault and the pointed arch; and the other was the employment of the flying buttress, permitting almost unlimited height combined with great lightness. Gothic architecture attained its greatest glory in the 200 years from 1150 to 1350; and, with Freemasons supplying skilled planning, direction, and superb craftsmanship in every important building project of the times, most of the beautiful cathedrals, abbeys, and castles of France and England were erected in this period.
Just for the record - the first three Gothic structures were churches, built in Paris (1135), England (1150), and Germany (1235). The period ended with the completion some 200 years later of four cathedrals in England. The total building accomplishment was terrific: at the time of the Reformation (when Luther nailed his theses on the door of Wittenberg Cathedral in 1517) there were in England alone over 12,000 Gothic structures!
King Edward I, having narrowly avoided death in a shipwreck in a storm at sea, took a solemn vow to found a monastery dedicated to the God he believed had saved his life; and to carry out this vow he solicited the help of the Cistercian monks. In company with an abbot and a group of monks, he selected a site located in the royal preserves near the Weaver River in the Chester area, a spot known as the Vale Royal of England. In the early spring of 1277 the King and Queen, with a retinue of courtiers and nobles, attended the ceremony of laying the foundation stones of Vale Royal Abbey. An old account says that the King laid the principal foundation stone; then the queen laid two stones, one for herself and one for her favorite son; and then the Earls of Cornwall, Gloucester, and Warwick, together with others in the royal entourage, each laid a stone, until 22 stones had been fitted together, side by side, to form the site of the great altar of the Abbey. Subsequently, the King set apart initial funds for the project, and, with the approval of the head of the Cistercian Order, named an Abbot to represent him and to draw necessary monies from the Royal Treasury when needed. The King didn't realize it at the time, but this venture was to require, before it was finished, an outlay of some five million dollars. The Abbey took 83 years for its span of construction, the final group of twelve chapels reaching completion in 1360.
The King designated a well-known Master Mason, Walter of Hereford, who had already built a couple of castles for him, to head up the project. Walter accepted the assignment, and chose a chief assistant who bore the very appropriate name of John of Battle. The record shows that Walter received a fine salary, a private home, a fur coat, and special deerskin gloves. He understood his position to be permanent, with a pension for his old age. He was a working architect, who was expected to be on the job daily, and, when necessary, step in at any point and personally carry on the work. It was his particular responsibility to locate and select all needed personnel, and to bring them in from any point in England.
Several days after the King had returned home, as a first step, the Abbot and his group of advisors, and the Master Mason and his chief associate, met for a round of preliminary talks and a planning conference which required several days of face-to-face discussion. This meeting was held in the nearest town, some ten miles away, in a back room in the local tavern, known affectionately as The Hampshire Hog.
At this first meeting the Abbot took a good long look at the Master Mason who for a long period of time was to act as his architect, surveyor, building superintendent, and fiscal agent in selecting and procuring all the skilled workers and supplies of all kinds, in paying out large sums of money for materials and as wages, and in applying the closely-held secrets of his trade. The Abbot knew this Master Mason rated great respect and consideration, and would expect from him many of the perquisites that customarily accompanied a long-term building agreement. He was aware also that he would have to provide him with a written guarantee, that his corps of workers and specialists in stone-working, brought in from far and near at considerable expense, would be protected from impressment during the many decades required to complete the abbey.
Both the Master Mason and the Abbot knew of the constant danger posed by the press gangs that roamed the countryside, often with royal approval, in search of workman. The records of the building of Sandgate Castle, for instance, show that during its construction four separate raids were organized and carried out, and resulted in the seizing of 211 Masons and other workman from projects in the course of completion throughout the country.
Meanwhile, across the conference table, the Master Mason was in turn sizing up the Abbot as a potential employer, as a planning and working associate, and as a reliable provider of large amounts of cash at regular intervals. He knew full well that, once a working agreement had been set up and signed, he would be expected to produce a completed abbey according to the agreement, and that the full weight of production responsibility would at all times be squarely on his shoulders.
He also realized from hard experience that, over and above the cold contract terms, the Abbot would expect him to erect a most distinctive structure, one which would stand for many years not only as a beautiful abbey but also as a symbol of reverence, piety, and devotion to Deity. And he was thankful too that the custom of the times did not call for a deadline date of completion, or for a closed budget figure on costs: fortunately everyone involved recognized that it might take a century or so to finish construction, and at this early stage no one could accurately estimate time and cost figures.
As he sat there, sipping his ale, he was revolving in his mind the vexing question of how and where he could secure the skilled workforce he would need; and, underneath this problem, he knew he faced a very real consideration that might best be termed "the stonemasons' spirit." He knew his personnel had to be very carefully selected, for, as soon as they had come together and had closed ranks as a picked building group, they would all in close comradeship intuitively strive toward a common goal, i.e., they would work day after day and shoulder to shoulder to build with pride the finest possible structure: and in so doing they would put worship above life, beauty over utility, and aspiration beyond self, because in common with most good men of his time, each Mason believed that, if he gave his very best in devotion to his work, then God would be pleased, and would reveal His pleasure by coming and dwelling in spirit in the abbey, which they would build as "their prayer in stone."
As he continued to revolve his organization problems in his mind, the Master Mason turned to the somewhat complex consideration of the selection of workmen. They fell into many classifications: quarrymen, wailers, layers, dry-dykers, scapplers, hewers, mortar-mixers, rough-masons, stone-carvers, and so on. There were also needed carpenters, blacksmiths, tool-sharpeners, specialists in stained-glass windows, and roofers, and others.
Rates of pay differed for the various groups, posing a continuing secondary problem. At the castle he had recently completed, for instance, the workforce included fifty-three Masons at 13 different rates of pay. It was evident that he would need an experienced paymaster to handle the payroll for this project. After examining a number of fabric roll records, I would estimate that in general a Master Mason's salary, as top man on a construction operation like Vale Royal Abbey, would usually be about six times the pay of anyone in the ranks of a workforce, plus a number of bonuses as the work progressed. No wonder the term "a Master's wages" carries an overtone of considerable prestige in our ritual!
Over and above these problems, was the even-more-complex one which arose from the way in which the whole building craft was organized in medieval times. Each of the many trade groups composing the Craft was separately organized, with its own officers, rules, and regulations. In the cities, they were called Masons' Companies, each working under municipal ordinances which governed all arts, trades, and professions. And added confusion came from the fact that a large body of guild laws was superimposed on a higher, overall level as part of the civil law of the land.
And finally, to top all this off, there was also in operation a further separate body of laws enforced by the Church, whose authority was equal to the law of the land; and these were called The Ordinances of Religion.
So, to sum up this tangled situation: each guild in the building craft was under a triple government; (1) its own particular rules and regulations; (2) the law of the land, or civil law; and (3) the laws of the Church. And so, our friend the Master Mason, knew that at all times he would usually have to tread a narrow path of conformity with all three power groups. He was grateful, however, for the fact that this time he would be working for the Church alone, with the approval of the Crown.
In the next few days the discussion stage ended on a harmonious note; and Walter of Hereford and his assistant turned their attention to the immediate problems of initiating the building of an abbey away out in the countryside. Beside the multitudinous details of the main operation, he had to cover many subsidiary yet important items, such as a drainage and sewer system, water-supply and storage, fish-ponds as a source of food, gardens and grain-fields, barns and pastures, other out-buildings, paths and roads, and especially the building of a substantial, encircling, protective wall, with gates, to enclose all the buildings of the Abbey.
In the early days of the work much time was spent on foundations and walls; and many hours of hard work and planning went into the particular problem posed by the accomplishment of fine masonry needed for the numerous arches required for the Abbey. Stone had to be painfully quarried at a location five miles away, and transported by horse and cart over a rough path in unbelievable quantities - the records of the Abbey show that 36,000 loads of stone were used in its construction.
When the Abbey was first begun, the actual operation started with clearing and levelling the site, this being done largely by local workers. The plan was then pegged out on the ground and the foundations laid. Operations above ground always started in the east, so that the choir, or sanctuary, would be available for use as soon as possible. Then followed the transepts and one or two bays of the nave, sufficient to provide abutment for the central tower. The building of the nave proceeded gradually westward, often with interruptions caused by lack of available cash, but here at Vale Royal Abbey we have one of the few instances where the work went on with no interruptions of this nature.
Weeks later, with all personnel secured and on the job, and with the first walls rising, the matter of constituting a Lodge was next in order. In those days, since there was no Grand Lodge to grant permission, each Lodge constituted itself; and so the Master Mason convened the group he had employed and inquired whether they desired to set up a Lodge. Several suggested that first they ought to look into the feasibility of joining the Lodge which they had heard was already established in the town some ten miles distant; and the Master Mason agreed to furnish a cart and a couple of horses for a committee of five to accompany him to the town the next day.
It was a rough trip - 10 miles each way over a crude road - but in due course the Committee made the trip and returned to make a report which went as follows:
"We found the town to be a place of some five or six thousand people on a small river 10 miles south. It has no wealthy families, but does have a few gentry, including the mayor. Most of the people depend on their own labor for a living; and there are many working cutlers, file smiths, iron workers, and members of the building trades, including a number of stonemasons, mostly in the rough-mason class. Like most of the small towns of England, this is a town of narrow, ill-lighted, and dirty streets; and it comes to life only on market and feast days, counting the arrival and departure of the weekly stage-coach to York and London as the most stirring event of the week.
There is no evening entertainment, except an occasional minstrel or gypsy dancer in one of several small inns, where in the long evenings groups of old cronies and friends foregather for a few social glasses and a game of darts, and endless rounds of gossip and discussion.
The favorite inn of the Masons is The Hampshire Hog; and here members of the local Lodge meet on certain fixed days in the year, frequently supplementing this schedule with gatherings at any other time when need or work or conviviality prompt them to assemble.
(Concluded Next Month)
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It is with deep regret that we announce the death, on June 1, 1972, of Brother Marius LePage, F.P.S.
A suitable In Memoriam tribute will appear in an early issue of The Philalethes magazine.
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Chicago Chapter Holds
New Style Type Meeting
On April 19, 1972, at 8:00 p.m., the Chicago Chapter of the Philalethes Society, attended a meeting held by Hellenic Lodge No. 1084, River Forest, Illinois, and presented a program entitled "The History of Freemasonry."
Early this year Brother Alphonse Cerza, F.P.S., explained to Brother John J. Lampos, Secretary of Hellenic Lodge, about the work of the Society and that there was a local chapter in the Chicago area. Since his lodge has a large number of members of Greek ancestry and the word "Philalethes" is a combination of two Greek words "Phila" and "Alethes" meaning "lovers of truth" he asked many questions about our Society. The result of the discussion was that he recommended to Brother James J. Maniatis, Worshipful Master of the lodge, that the Chicago Chapter be invited to attend a meeting of the lodge and present a program. The subject was selected by the Chairman of the Chicago Chapter, Brother Cerza, and members of the Chapter were assigned parts of the subject to cover.
The lodge and the Society's local Chapter sent out special invitations to various lodges in the area, officers and members who have indicated an interest in attending the Chapter meetings, and the local members of the Society. The result was that every seat in the lodge room was occupied by an interested Master Mason.
The meeting was called to order by the Worshipful Master, Brother James J. Maniatis and he welcomed all those present. Brother Cerza, was then introduced, who announced the subject to be presented. The short talks comprising this subject were then presented:
1. Origin and beginnings of the Craft, Alphonse Cerza
2. Transition from the Operative to the Symbolic Craft. Dr. Stephen R. Greenberg
3. The Grand Lodge Era, Allan D. Parsons
4. Colonial Freemasonry, Samuel K. Zipp
5. Anti-Masonry and the Revival, Samuel Tunick
6. Freemasonry in the Modern World, Hugh A. Cole.
The talks were limited to ten minutes each and the entire program took one hour. This was followed by a spirited question and answer period with active audience participation.
The Secretary of the Local Chapter, Brother Samuel K. Zipp, explained how the Society was formed, its aims, the magazine, and how one can become a member of the Society. A sample copy of the magazine was exhibited and applications for membership were made available to a number of members who requested them. He also stated that anyone desiring to receive invitations of future meetings should leave their names and addresses with him and that he would be glad to advise them of future meetings even though they are not members of the Society.
The lodge is the foundation of Freemasonry. Anything that we can do to fortify the lodge or enable it to serve its members better should be encouraged and promoted. From this new-style meeting of the Chicago Chapter we have learned a number of important lessons which we want to share with the members of our Society. Many lodges are at a loss on presenting suitable programs for their members. Too often these lodges are trying things which the members can easily get elsewhere such as entertainment on radio, television, and the theater. What the members are really interested in getting from the lodge is information which they cannot get anywhere else: Items about Freemasonry itself. The attendance at the meeting, the questions asked, the enthusiasm shown, and the complimentary remarks made after the meeting clearly indicated a need for such programs. Several of the speakers have already been invited to speak at other lodges.
It is recommended that in localities that have a few members that someone take the lead to form a local chapter. It is not imperative that when programs are presented that it be a member of the Society; let us use whatever talent is available in the area. Such participation might lead to the joining of the Society, but is not really important. Lodges should be informed of the availability of the group and that programs wild be prepared and presented at the lodge. This can be a golden opportunity for the Society to be a genuine servant in the place where it means the most: the Masonic Lodge.
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Provincial Grand Masters and Provincial Grand Lodges
By Henry Wilson Coil, F.P.S.
The above kinds of Masonic bodies sprang up in both the mother country and the American Colonies, including Canada, at about the same period, and they still exist in England, though they promptly disappeared in the United States after the American Revolution and the organization of state Grand Lodges . . Prior to that between 1730 and 1787, the Modern Grand Masters had appointed in the colonies 26 Prov. GMs and the Ancient Grand Masters had appointed 11, but the provisions varied to meet the Grand Masters' requirements in each case, and successive Grand Masters were likely to adopt somewhat different ideas. Hence, no dependable statement can be made about any such deputation without examining the text. Therefore, the subject is not one which lends itself to generalities and which on the other hand, is discouraging to complete analysis due to the great bulk and wide spread locations of the basic documents. But any one who has arbitrary ideas on the subject will be in for a surprise as soon as he begins to collect examples.
The present and incomplete effort is occasioned by a letter to the Philalethes magazine challenging some abatements of the present writer in a prior edition on the subject of and relation between Provincial Grand Masters and Provincial Grand Lodges, it being his firm conclusion that the Grand Master of England issued his deputation or warrant to a Provincial Grand Lodge and never, as this writer believes, to the Provincial Grand Master, who assembles his Provincial Grand Lodge, though the Grand Master may name the positions to be filled. The reason for this is that the Grand Master in London would seldom personally know the material available, and in any event would have better co-operation among those known to and appointed by the Provincial GM. Let us take two illustrations with which we are familiar.
Two Grand Masters of England acting 3 years apart authorized two Provincial GMs in the Colonies and the copies of the deputations are set forth in my Encyclopedia at pages 30 and 32. (1) That issued by Norfolk G.M., June 30, 1730, to Daniel Coxe for New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania and (2) that issued by Viscount Montagu G. M. April 30, 1733 to Henry Price for New England. Coxe's ran for 2 years, Price's was unlimited. Each ran directly and exclusively, by name, to the Provincial GM and did not mention the P.G.L. The Provincial GM in both instances was authorized to appoint his Deputy and Wardens, the four in each case forming a Provincial Grand Lodge, though that name does not appear. Coxe was personally authorized to form lodges and the Price document authorized "the said Mr. Henry Price" to form lodges. One of the most peculiar provisions appears in the Coxe deputation which authorizes "the Brethren residing in any of said three Provinces" to elect a Provincial G.M. every two years, which was obviously inoperative, since the warrant ran for only two years!
By coincidence, our critic refers to the Provincial Grand Master of Nova Scotia, the Duke of Kent belonging to the Ancient GL of England, who is mentioned in A.Q.C. Vol. 70, pages 81-99 (1958), and which involved also William Jarvis Prov. GM of upper Canada (Ontario), also belonging to the Ancient faction. It appears that Kent was given by his warrant full power to issue warrants and dispensations without limit of time and Jarvis was bound to dispensations only, and his term was only 12 months. Both were authorized by their warrants (but not required) to appoint Deputies but only Kent was authorized to form a Provincial Grand Lodge, both being required to report their actions to the GM in London. The Manual of Kent's Lower Canada Prov. GL provided: (Italics in the original):
"The appointment of the Provincial Grand Master is a prerogative of the Grand Master of England, by whom (or in his absence by his Deputy), a patent may be granted during pleasure, to such Brother of eminence and ability of the Craft as may be thought worthy of the appointment. The Grand Master shall be installed agreeably to ancient usage, on the twenty-seventh of December annually, provided his patent has been obtained, and then nominate his Grand Officers who are to be installed and invested in due form."
A later case is reported in 71 A.Q.C. page 14 (1929) concerning the Prov. GL for Devon, England. At page 17, Rylands, a well known researcher, stated that in 1775, the Prov. GL "owed its existence entirely to the Provincial Grand Master and its composition was entirely at his discretion."
The point at issue there was that the Prov. GM of Devon appointed all but two of his officers (Deputy P.G.M., Sr. W., Jr. W., Treas., Secy., St. Bearer, and Chaplain) from other lodges in the district, whereas custom required that he select them all from his own (Union) Lodge.
Mackey's Encyclopedia confirms the foregoing practice in the first edition in 1874, which has remained unchanged through all of the revisions of that work to the present. The practice is obviously not constitutional, not being required to any law or regulation but voluntary to be employed or not at the will of the Grand Master. In England it was practically demanded because of the extensive growth of lodges in the mother country and in the Colonies and Dominions on which the Sun never set. I am confident no instance can be found where the GM created a Provincial Grand Lodge directly as claimed.
Nor did any of the New York lodges or army lodges apply for or receive a charter as a Provincial Grand Lodge. The method was quite regular. The lodges applied for the appointment of Rev. William Walter as Prov. GM, which was granted Dec. 15, 1782, and 6 days later Dec. 21, Walter organized the Prov. GL of NY. There never was any ceremony forming 3 or more lodges into a Prov. GL. But even that Prov. GL did not create the present GL of NY, which somewhat later in 1787, simply began to act as an independent GL, probably basing their right on the precedent set in 1777 by the Prov. GL of Massachusetts, though the latter issued a long formal written justification for public information. The real problem in New York was that while 3 Modern lodges could have directly created a Grand Lodge, the Ancient or Atholl establishment required 5 which evidently could not be assembled, but they took the best way available at a later date through their Provincial Grand Master, by removing "Provincial" from its seal.
Your New York correspondent Kenneth W. Mackall, was also in error and even disputed himself as to what happened in Massachusetts in 1792, when the Massachusetts Grand Lodge and Rowe's (St. John) Provincial Grand Lodge sought to unite. He gave conclusive weight to some protracted conferences which were not carried out in the end, but even then, contradicted himself. He stated that "the present Grand Lodge of Massachusetts came into being and the two older Grand Lodges died. Neither absorbed the other." If both died, obviously the present Grand Lodge is a new body born on that occasion in 1792. In a true merger, one or both parties live without interruption. Then our critic turns completely around and asserts: "It is true that the closing minutes of Massachusetts Grand Lodge carried the words, 'Voted that this Grand Lodge be Dissolved,' while the St. John Grand Lodge was closed in due form. Both Lodges went out of existence at the same time and the present Grand Lodge was born." Any Mason would know that closing a lodge in due form does not put it out of existence but merely suspends its activities until the next meeting.
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A Hexagonal Report on Washington
By LaVon P. Linn, National Third Vice President
of National Sojourners
On last 16 February the editor of the Philalethes magazine attended a most interesting dinner meeting of Old Dominion Chapter 364 of National Sojourners in Springfield, Virginia. The Sojourners presented a fast-moving six-part program on the life of General George Washington, probably the greatest of our Masonic forbears. This resume was received after one of the principals returned from a non-shooting safari in East Africa.
CWO Meredith (Hap) Hazzard spoke for three minutes on The Young George Washington. Here are excerpts: ". . . . Washington w a s seven when the family moved to the Ferry Farm across the Rappahannock River from Fredericksburg.... The boy was eleven when his father, Augustine, died.... George helped to work some 20 slaves.... He developed here a lifelong love of good horses.... He established rules of behavior and followed them closely.
. . . While helping survey the five million acres of Lord Fairfax, he not only became proficient in surveying, but learned to sleep in the wilderness and to hunt for food.... He saved and invested his money and, by age 18, owned 1,500 acres of land.... In 1751, at 19, he made his only trip away from the shores of the United States, travailing to the British West Indies with his half-brother, Lawrence."
Colonel Andrew Lena reported on George Washington, the Patriot. Colonel Lexa brought two interesting documents from the Archives. The first was an extract of Washington's famous "send-me-none-but-Natives" letter to Colonels Spottswood, McClanahan, Bowman, and Morgan, on 30 April 1777. It will be remembered that each of the colonels was requested to send four men for use in the Commander in Chief's guard company. The second document was a copy of Washington's 12 May 1778 Oath of Allegiance to the United States of America. This oath was required of all officers of the Army and Navy and all persons holding any civil office under the Congress, under action of Congress on 3 February 1778.
The ageless Colonel Charles Munske (he was a Mason and a Sojourner in New York City in the early 1920's) gave a three-minute discussion of George Washington the American. Colonel Munske noted that, in the early years, Washington was a Virginian, but, after 4 July 1776, he was all American. He drew an analogy between attack from outside in Washington's day and attack from within by the vocal and disloyal activists in contemporary America. He concluded with the charge that we can best honor Washington's memory by our unflinching loyalty to our country and by upholding and safeguarding the truths for which Washington sacrificed the greater part of his life.
Captain Stewart Pollard, son of the most Worshipful Ralph Pollard of Maine and National Secretary of National Sojourners, devoted his three minutes to George Washington, the Mason. Captain Pollard cited the dates of the receipt by Washington of the first three degrees of Masonry in the Lodge of Fredericksburg (now Fredericksburg No. 4). The dates were 4 November 1752, 3 March 1753, and 4 August 1753. He spoke of the attempts in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and elsewhere to create a National Grand Lodge with Washington as National Grand Master. Captain Pollard noted, as has Brother Ronald E. Heaton, that what has been called the greatest Masonic public event in American history occurred on 18 September 1793 when President Washington laid the cornerstone of the National Capitol in Washington.
Brigadier General Archibald W. Lyon, Past National President of National Sojourners, discussed George Washington, the Soldier, with emphasis on little-known aspects of the Washington military career. Washington's nomination by John Adams to be Commander in Chief of the Continental Army is well known. So are his unanimous election by the Second Continental Congress and his subsequent military achievements. Here are some of the lesser known facts which General Lyon developed: " (1) That Washington, at twenty, joined the Virginia Militia as a Major, (2) That Washington was still only twenty when he completed his historic journey for Governor Dinwiddie to Fort LeBoeuf and back, (3) that Washington was a twenty-two-year-old lieutenant colonel when he was ordered to the fort being built at the present site of Pittsburgh, (4) that Washington, at twenty-three was aide to General Braddock in the 1,300-man campaign against Fort Duquesne (where Braddock lost his life), (5) that Washington was a twenty-three-year-old colonel when he was named Commander in Chief of the Virginia Militia in 1755, and (6) that, after serving as Acting Brigadier under General John Forbes, in the march on Fort Duquesne, Washington resigned his commission and retired to sixteen years of private life. And so ended his military career, or so he thought."
Colonel LaVon P. Linn, National Third Vice President of National Sojourners, concluded with three minutes on George Washington in History. He said that when the Hall of Fame for Great Americans was established at New York University, there was one unanimous choice in the first balloting and that choice was George Washington. The Schlesinger Panel, in 1962, rated our Presidents from the standpoint of greatness and placed Washington and Lincoln at the top. Only one of our states has the name of a President. That state is Washington. Thirty-three states have Washington Counties. One hundred twenty-one cities, towns? and villages, including our nation's capitol, have the name of Washington in their title. The same is true of scores of mountains, lakes, rivers, and streams. Literature contains hundreds of tributes to Washington, including Kipling's immortal poem, "If." Possibly the greatest tribute of all was that by a gangling prairie lawyer named A. Lincoln on Washington's Birthday, 1843 in Springfield, Illinois:
"The name of Washington is the mightiest name on earth. Long since mightiest in civil liberty. Still mightiest in moral reformation. On such a name an eulogy is expected. To add brilliance to the sun or glory to the name of Washington is alike impossible. Let none attempt it. In solemn awe, pronounce that name and in its naked, deathless splendor. leave it shining on."
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DECEASED MEMBERS
California - Calvin C. Chunn, Howard S. McIntire.
Florida - John Perry Castle.
Massachusetts - G. Burton Long.
New York - Dr. David W. Ayers, Orie H. Little.
Pennsylvania - Emerson Franklin Hauer.
Texas - James W. McClendon.
R.I.P.
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By Alphonse Cerza, F.P.S. (Life), Illinois
During the first week in May the publisher of "Three Centuries of Freemasonry in New Hampshire," by Gerald D. Foss, started to mail copies of the book to those who had placed orders. As you read this all copies have probably been delivered by the post office.
This official history published by the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire consists of 546 pages, has 95 pictures, detailed indices, and a biographical dictionary. The book represents Masonic research and writing in the best scholarly tradition. The material was carefully selected and is presented in an easy-to-read style with an economy of words which compresses the facts in the least amount of space. The result is an encyclopedia of Freemasonry in the state interwoven with some of the important events of the day.
While the book deals primarily with the history of the Craft in New Hampshire it covers every phase of the subject and necessarily presents many items of general interest to the Masonic student. Since men make an organization the book has a great deal of biographical material. Men from outside the state who have touched the history of New Hampshire are not overlooked. The reader will encounter such names as George Washington, James Monroe, James K. Polk, David G. Farragut, Henry Dearborn, Lafayette, John Paul Jones, William Whipple (signer of the Declaration of Independence), and Nicholas Gilman (signer of the United States Constitution), as well as such outstanding Masons as Carl H. Claudy, Thomas Smith Webb, Jeremy L. Cross, and Jonathan Belcher.
The seed for the book was planted in 1963 when Gerald D. Foss was appointed the first Grand Historian of the state. Shortly thereafter he started to examine the records of St. John's Lodge, of Portsmouth, which was founded in 1736. Each month the lodge's bulletin reported his discoveries. In 1970 a committee was appointed by the Grand Lodge to prepare a history of the Craft in the state. The former research of Brother Foss was utilized by him as he continued his research of items outside the records of the first lodge of the state. When the manuscript was completed it was edited by Brother Enzo Serafini, a professional editor. The complete biographical dictionary was prepared by Brother Foss and Brother Woodbury S. Adams. This joint work has produced a work of outstanding permanent value.
Available from Francis Carey, 322 Winnacunnet, Hampton, New Hampshire, at $9.95 a copy.
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The Masonic Service Association has published "A Register of Grand Lodges Active and Extinct," by Brother George Draffen. This booklet lists in alphabetical order according to countries the various Grand Lodges that have existed in each country over the years, how formed, the date, and their status. It will serve as a useful tool for the Masonic historian for years to come. The author is a distinguished member of the Grand Lodge of Scotland and a famous Masonic scholar.
Available from the Masonic Service Association, 8120 Fenton Street, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, at $1.00 a copy.
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Anyone interested in securing a copy of the excess supply of the Proceedings of the Midwest Conference may do so by sending $1.00 (to cover postage), to Dr. Dawson Grim, Higley Building. Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
* * *
A few years ago there was published, "Secret Societies," edited by Norman MacKenzie. It had a description of many organizations that have existed over the years which had secret rituals, etc. It has limited interest to Masons and very little of value about the Craft for the Masonic student, but some of our readers might find interest in the book. The matter is mentioned again because the books have been published in a paper-back edition.
Available from Collier Books, 60 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003, at $2.00 a copy.
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In 1952 there was published by the Grand Lodge of Virginia, "George Washington: Freemason," by William Moseley Brown, a Past Grand Master of the state. It contained all the pertinent facts about our illustrious brother as a Mason. Copies of this fine book are still available, though the copies are getting low in number, from Brother Archer B. Gay, Grand Secretary, P. O. Box 12064, Richmond, Virginia 23219, at $5.00 a copy.
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Garfield Lodge No. 569 has been an active lodge in Hammond, Indiana for many years. The lodge received its charter in 1884 and has been working ever since. Brother George L. Pokos, who served the lodge in 1965 as Master, has written a history of the lodge. This soft bound book contains thirteen chapters covering 110 pages with much material of general interest, has some pictures, and represents an outstanding research job by the author. The history of the lodge is linked with the events of the community and it is worthy of note that the members of the lodge have been active in community affairs. This is an excellent lodge history.
Available from Fred Eicke, 8153 Kooy Drive, Munster, Indiana, at $3.65 a copy postpaid.
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One of the most informative lodge bulletins to reach us regularly is the R.L.O.V. Newsletter, the official publication of Rewa Lodge of Viti, No. 2238 B. C. It always has a fine editorial, answers questions sent in by the readers, news about the members, letters from readers, and various short items relating to the Craft which are of general interest.
Non members can subscribe at $2.00 a year. Send inquiries to P. O. Box 12, Suva, Fiji.
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The Journal of the American Oriental Society, January-March, 1972 issue, pp. 25-35, has an article entitled "Afghani and Freemasonry in Egypt," by Professor Albert Kudsi-Zadeh, of the University of Wisconsin. The article discusses the political activities of Afghani, in the 1870's, in which he sought to destroy the influence of European countries in Egypt and how he tried to use the local Masonic lodges to assist him in his plans. When they refused he helped form some clandestine lodges.
Copies of the article are available from the author, at fifty cents a copy; his address is: Wisconsin State University, Department of Political Science, Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481.
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Twenty-Third Midwest Conference on Masonic Education Unusually Diversified In Program Presentation
The twenty-third annual Midwest Conference on Masonic Education was held April 27, 28 and 29, 1972, at the Ramada Inn, North, at Columbus, Ohio.
The first actual work of the conference began Friday, April 28th under the direction of its president, M.W. Brother Harold L. Tisher, P.G.M. of South Dakota. The Invocation was given by former President of the Conference, Howard T. Hunter, of Nebraska. The Address of Welcome was extended by M.W. Brother Fay L. Gullion, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, and the response was given by M.W. Brother Richard D. Kelsey, Grand Master of Kansas.
Brother Wes Cook, of Missouri, presiding at the first section of the meetings. "The Academy of Masonic Culture," a planned yearly Masonic study course just now completed by the officers and members of Mystic Tie Lodge No. 398 of Indianapolis, Indiana, was summarized and explained by one of its Past Masters, Brother James B. Gale who read a most interesting paper - "A Master Mason Builds a Great Mediaeval Abbey." (This paper is presented on another page of this issue).
M.W. Brother Thomas J. Davis, Jr., Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Missouri then read a paper on "The Image of Freemasonry - Public Relations Demonstrated," in which he gave an outline of ways and means of getting Masonic news into the hands of the public and to the members of the Fraternity. After a coffee break, a session of questions and answers brought much added information as to ways and means of conducting schools of Masonry, by which to activate a better knowledge of the Craft.
After lunch, the matter of tools, methods, programs and projects by which to carry out the methods of Masonic Education. This was under the leadership of Dr. Arne J. Springan, of North Dakota. Following the outline of activity, the Conference was divided into small discussion groups, in which every delegate was a participant. The groups took notes, made appropriate comments, and returned to the main session, where Discussion Leaders, and Reporters gave a summary of what each discussion group had accumulated. The results were interesting, and formed a plan by which Freemasonry could be stimulated and understood.
Commenting on Attractive, Clean Modern Lodge Buildings - a Masonic activity, experience and opportunity to build participation and attendance, was presented by M.W. Brother Ben W. Graybill, past Grand Master of Kansas. The business session, reports of the various committees and election of officers followed.
The conference decided to accept the invitation of the Minnesota Committee on Masonic Education, and meet May 3, 4 and 5, 1973 in a designated place in Minnesota, to be announced at a later date. Resolutions of thanks for the Grand Lodge of Ohio, the fine Program Committee, the Management of the Ramada Inn, and to M.W. Brother Tisher and his officers were approved, as was a resolution of sympathy on the death of M.W. Brother Glenn Radcliffe, P.G.M. of Iowa and active in the affairs of the Conference.
Trevor Davis, of Ohio was elected President for 1972-1973, Homer Zumwalt of the Illinois Committee was named Vice President, and, of course, Dr. Dawson E. Grim, who has been the perennial Secretary-Treasurer for more years than can be counted, was reselected.
At the conclusion of the afternoon sessions, the delegates were carried in buses on a tour of the city. M.W. Brother Edgar L. Ott, P.G.M., was the "narrator" for the tour, and his expert and vivid descriptions of the many points of interest made a special impact on all who heard him.
Going to the Grand Lodge building, at Worthington, after a fine dinner, the brethren and their ladies made a tour of the 152 year old Grand Lodge Building, said to be the oldest strictly-Masonic building west of the Allegheny Mountains, then enjoyed a program of entertainment before returning to the Motel.
Several items of Masonic interest were transacted, closing the sessions on Saturday morning, closing with a thought-provoking panel, under the direction of M.W. Brother Conrad Hahn, P.G.M. of Connecticut, and Executive Secretary of the Masonic Service Association, with the general theme of "How a Lodge May Discuss Issues of Public Interest." Taking quotations of philosophy, literature and public interest, the leader wove the discussion into a very interesting interpretation of translating these thoughts to Masonic present day use. It was a distinctly different approach and interpretation of Freemasonry.
The meetings were closed by a demonstration of "The Telecture" by Hon. H. Roe Bartle, nationally known Freemason. of Kansas City, Missouri.
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Prepares for Another Big Year
Considerable interest has been displayed in the activities of our local Chapter. We have held quarterly meetings which have been well attended. The research projects have produced some very interesting papers.
Those who have participated in the programs include the following: "Examinations" by Merritt Garnet; "Reading The Pennsylvania Evening Post" presented by Ronald E. Heaton, F.P.S.; "Color in Human Life" by Dr. Frank M. Stever; "The DeMolay Chapter in Norristown" by Irving Hoffman; "Quotations from American Masons" given by Harold W. Gray; "How to Conduct a Masonic Research" a joint effort by Brothers Joseph R. Gilbert and Ronald E. Heaton.
We are all quite proud of the work done during the past year and even greater endeavors will be attempted as we enter our fourth year. The staff of officers elected to serve the Chapter for another year are: President, Dr. Frank M. Stever; Vice President, George Wollrath; Secretary, Elmer C. Hoffman; Treasurer, Ronald E. Heaton, F.P.S.
Our new members include William A. Carpenter, Director of Masonic Education for the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, and David J. Godschall, District Deputy Grand Master of the 6th Masonic District of Pennsylvania. Our Past President, James M. Alter has been doing an outstanding service as Masonic Culture Chairman of the 6th Masonic District.
A special group of Chapter members took advantage of the opportunity to attend the lecture in Philadelphia, given by Brother Harry Carr, Secretary of Quatuor Coronati Lodge No. 2076 of London, England, on the topic of "600 Years of Masonic Ritual."
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News, achievements and items of interest about our
Fellows and Members - Discussion and comment on
- Pfan Mail and Observations -
Mutual Topics.
This page conducted by Jerry Marsengill, M.P.S., 2602 Terrace Road, Des Moines, Iowa 50312.
Yes, Virginia, there really is a John Black Vrooman! If you have not been able to reach him out on Delmar Blvd. in St. Louis, it's probably because he seldom stays there. He was in Crawfordsville, Indiana in early May, thence to the Grand Lodge of Indiana. In June, Bro. Vrooman attended the Grand Lodge sessions in Vermont. If you need him just go where Freemasons gather, stick out an arm and catch him as he whizzes by.
* * *
From Mel Pfankuche, M.P.S. out in Washington we learn that Al Woody, F.P.S. addressed the King County Masonic Library Board of Representatives in Seattle on April 28th. Mel advised us that he was present and that the subject of Bro. Woody's interesting address was "Masonic Enlighteners." In case anyone was worried, Brother Woody has not completely retired from Masonry, nor will he.
* * *
This is Al Cerza's, F.P.S. 19th year as a part time teacher at John Marshall Law School. This semester in his pleading course he had as students two of the Scottish Rite members in Chicago, Dr. William Deutsch and Robert Artoe. This is the first time Al has had two at one time, though once he had a student who was a member of his own lodge.
* * *
During the recent Midwest Conference on Masonic Education, Edgar L. Ott, M.P.S. and P.G.M. narrated the bus tour of Columbus.
* * *
A letter from Louis C. King, M.P.S. up in Massachusetts advises that he has been laid up for a few weeks with a pulled muscle and hasn't been able to attend the various bodies in which he works. This should be a blow for Masonry in the Boston and Arlington area as this 76-year-old youngster is holding more jobs at one time than most do in their lifetime.
* * *
We extend sympathy to Joe Batchelor, M.P.S., P.G.M. of Indiana in the recent loss of his wife.
* * *
The Ballington and Maud Booth Award of the Volunteers of America, highest honor the social welfare organization bestows on any individual was presented to Henry C. Clausen, Sovereign Grand Commander A.A.S.R. S.J. on May 9th. Bro. Clausen was selected for the award "in grateful recognition of his outstanding dedication and devotion in serving the American people as a humanitarian, legal, civic, social, and Masonic leader."
* * *
Alfred Lutz of Oconomowoc, Wisc., a member of McKinley Lodge No. 307, Milwaukee, once each week provides transportation for the guests at the Wisconsin Masonic Home for shopping in Milwaukee. He has maintained this weekly schedule for over a year. This is the type of things more Masons should think of and endeavor to do.
* * *
The late H. L. Haywood, F.P.S. began his most famous poem by stating: "Here in a lodge of pines, I sit" ....
I am wondering if some dedicated Masons in the Cedar Rapids area, where Bro. Haywood is buried and some of the members of the Philalethes Society, might not try to get together and see if there is not some possibility of making the words of this poem prophetic for Brother Haywood's last resting place? Perhaps a certain number of pines could be financed and planted around his grave.
* * *
Just in case you think no one picks up information from the Philalethes. Early this spring, Al Cerza reviewed Haywood's Introduction to Freemasonry published by Iowa Research Lodge No. 2. Masonic magazines all over the country have copied the review, the latest one being the "Northern Light." We are now in our third printing of the reprint, and the orders keep coming. Thanks to Al and to all the editors who have reviewed the book.
* * *
Frank D. Hensel, M.P.S., was presented the Knights Templar Cross of Honor for the year down in El Paso, Texas on May 28th. Frank is an active Knight Templar, as well as active in all branches of Freemasonry. A spokesman for the occasion stated that "Hensel's exceptional and meritorious service rendered to the Order of Knights Templar beyond the call of duty and beyond the service usually expected of an officer or member in devotion to Templary and diligent application of his talents makes his name synonomous with fraternal achievements. One of the notable achievements of Hensel as chairman of the Knights Templar Eye Foundation has elevated El Paso Commandery No. 18 to number one place in the State with 50 percent of its members as life sponsors." We congratulate Frank and commend the Grand Commandery of Texas on a fine selection.
* * *
Way down in the sovereign Grand State of Georgia, where Walter M. Callaway keeps fighting the Civil War (or as he calls it the War for Southern Independence) he also edits one of the finest Masonic magazines in the entire world, The Masonic Messenger. This month Walt outdid himself. Among many fine articles, he had an editorial entitled "The Wailing Wall" which should be required reading for the head of every Masonic body both Grand and subordinate in the United States. Walt states in part. "There is a Masonic wailing wall in the United States. . . . With a few exceptions the Lodges in U.S. Grand Jurisdictions are experiencing losses in membership. To one who has access to and reads various Masonic periodicals and Grand Lodge Proceedings from over the Republic the complaints are loud and the lamentations are clear. A non-Freemason, reading this material, might well conclude that the principal goal of Freemasonry is to gain members. The swelling of membership rolls in Freemasonry has never at any time been an objective of the Society. The Masonic student will delve in vain in the ancient landmarks, the customs and usages of the Fraternity since time immemorial without finding even a hint that big membership is a part of the mission of Freemasonry......
If you do not now receive the Messenger, get it from Walt at Box 9912, Atlanta.
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By Charles F. Adams, F.P.S., Aurora, Nebraska
A few years after I became a member of the Society I had occasion to correspond with Dr. William Moseley Brown of Elon College, North Carolina, who was then the President of the Society. A part of my letter to him is as follows:
" *** I hop e that you can give me some light on the significance of the name of our Society. The first seems quite obvious, namely a lover or friend of something. It is that 'something' that bothers me. I am informed that according to Greek mythology Lethe was the daughter of Strife and the Sister of Toil, Hunger and Pain. I am also informed that Lethe was the stream of oblivion in the lower world from which souls drank that they might forget all earthly sorrows. This does not satisfy me and I feel sure that there must be some other explanation or interpretation. What is your thinking?"
A few weeks later (he had been suffering an attack of influenza) I received a reply from him. He was kind enough not to chasten me for my obvious lack of understanding of classical Greek. Instead he enlightened me as follows:
"Your comments on the significance of the name PHILALETHES are interesting and challenging. However, it is a combination of two Greek words - philos, meaning lover or friend, and aletheia, meaning truth - so that a PHILALETHES is a "lover of truth." Your other comments on Greek mythology are all correct but they just do riot apply here***" (Emphasis supplied)
That clear and convincing explanation satisfied me for quite a while. Recently, however, I have had the opportunity to add a little to my woefully inadequate knowledge of Greek, so here is the rest of the story. My only regret is that Dr. Brown is not here to continue the correspondence.
What I have learned is that Dr. Brown was in error when he said that my comments on Greek mythology did not apply here. I now understand that the Greek word "aletheia" is the opposite or negative of the word "lethe" or "lethes" which was the name of the river or stream called the river of forgetfulness or river of oblivion which flowed into the river Styx. The addition of the preceding syllable "a" suggests the converse of the idea conveyed by original word. Instead of oblivion or forgetfulness we have the thought of something permanent or eternal. Anything that is permanent or eternal must be true, thought the Greeks, so here we have a word meaning "truth." The primitive Greeks had arrived at an intellectual concept for which they had no adequate expression so they were forced to a negative form of an existing idea. A parallel of this process of creating a word by using a negative idea is found in the English word "inept." The idea of bungling or clumsy is conveyed by the negative of the word "opt" but "opt" is no longer in use in the English language just as the word "lethes" meaning forgetfulness or oblivion has long since been forgotten by the Greeks.
I recall a phrase or saying more common in my younger days (it may have been the name of a book or play) to the effect that "The Greeks Had a Word for It." Here, however, is an instance where they did not have a word for "truth" so they invented a word by using a negative process, as we have explained.
Just in case this discussion has become a little too involved, we should recall that it started out as an explanation of how our Society got its name. Let us remember, then, that a PHILALETHES is a lover of truth and so may it ever be.
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New Subordinate Council And New Commandery Under Dispensation In Guatemala
On January 11th General Grand Master Comp. Verne W. Mokler signed the Dispensation for the formation of a new Subordinate Council in the city of Guatemala, Central America, to be known as Guatemala Council, U.D.
On April 14th the Dispensation of the new Council was delivered with appropriate ceremonies, the Council Instituted and its Officers were installed by Past I.M. Comp. William Webber in representation of the Most Puissant General Grand Master of the General Grand Council R. & S.M. International. Present at these ceremonies was the M.W. Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Guatemala, F. & A.M., M.W. Brother Tomas Villamar Contreras.
The following day, April 15th the Cryptic Degrees were conferred upon a group of seven new members, with P.I.M. Comp. William Webber presiding at the conferral of the Royal Master, the Select Master, and the Super-Excellent Master Degrees. The I.M. of City of Mexico Council No. 2, Comp. George P. Williams, the Deputy Master, Comp. Francisco Noriega, and P.I.M. Comp. Jose C. Orozco participated in the work of the evening.
Much optimism prevails among the members of this new Council, and with an active Chanter and also a Commandery in the same city, we are certain of their success in this new venture.
New Subordinate Commandery
Under Dispensation
On March 20th Grand Master G. Wilbur Bell signed the Dispensation for the formation of a new Subordinate Commandery in the city of Guatemala, Central America, to be known as Guatemala Commandery, U.D.
The request for a Dispensation was signed by 23 Sir Knight members of Ivanhoe Commandery No. 2 of Mexico City, and by one member of St. Bernard Commandery No. 35 of Chicago, Ill.; the Commander designate was Sir Knight Johannes van Beusekom, Apartado No. 627, Guatemala City, Guatemala, and Sir Knight Cecilio Juarez is the Recorder with the same address.
On April 14th the Dispensation of the new Commandery was delivered with appropriate ceremonies, the Commandery was Instituted and its Officers installed by P.C. Sir Knight William Webber in representation of the Committee on Charters and Dispensations of the Grand Encampment.
The following day, April 15th the Orders of Knighthood were conferred upon a group of eight new members, with Sir Knight William Webber presiding at the conferral of the Orders of the Red Cross and of the Temple, and Eminent Commander of Ivanhoe Commandery No. 2, Sir Knight George Williams presiding at the conferral of the Order of Malta
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A Symbol of Austrian Freemasonry and the Enlightenment
By Bill Weisberger, M.P.S.
There have been few works published in English about prominent Freemasons in the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the reign of the enlightened Emperor Joseph II. During the era from 1780 to 1790, Joseph Sonnenfels and ranking Masons in Vienna played an active role in promoting social and political reforms and in advancing the liberal arts and sciences. An examination of the activities of the Lodge "Zur Wahren Eintracht" would reveal the fact that Freemasonry was intimately involved with the Austrian Enlightenment, since the reformer and literary critic Sonnenfels, the metallurgist Von Born, the musician Mozart, the philosopher Reinhold, and the poet Denis actively participated in this lodge and learned society. Let us briefly survey the career of Sonnenfels to suggest the belief that his political, social, and legal reform proposals reflected the spirit of the Josephine Enlightenment and Austrian Freemasonry. (1)
Sonnenfels was raised during the conservative reign of the enlightened despot Maria Theresa. Since the spirit of secularism had slowly penetrated into the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the feudal nobility from the kingdoms in the Empire held ranking positions in the powerful Catholic Church and dominated the affairs of the imperial bureaucracy. (2) Lipman Perlin, the father of Joseph, raised his family in Eisenstadt and later in Nikolsburg. A Jewish scholar known for publishing a Hebrew grammar, Lipman became recognized for this work and in 1745 was appointed as Professor of Oriental Languages in the University of Vienna. To advance in intellectual and noble circles, Lipman found it necessary to convert from Judaism to Catholicism. As a consequence of his publications and of his conversion to Catholicism, Lipman was ennobled as von Sonnenfels in 1746. (3)
Young Joseph Sonnenfels received a superb education. Having received his elementary education from his father, Sonnenfels studied at the Piarist College in Nikolsburg from 1745 to 1749, taking courses in the sciences, history, and the classics. His four year stay in the army enabled him to acquire familiarity with conditions in Habsburg lands and to learn German, Czech, and French. Upon his honorable discharge from the army in 1754, Sonnenfels entered the University of Vienna Law School and took courses from the eminent Karl Martini and J. P. von Riegger. (4)
After receiving his law degree, Sonnenfels entered the bureaucracy and became a political journalist. During the 1760's, Sonnenfels achieved an excellent reputation, since he became a leading spokesman for administrative and legal reforms and was appointed as chairman of the Deutsche Gesellschaft - a major literary society in Vienna. Further, the talented and aggressive Sonnenfels served on a commission to draft a new legal code for the Empire and was appointed in 1763 as Professor of Political Science in the University of Vienna. His course in public administration was so highly regarded that all students applying for government service were required to take it. (5) By the early seventies, Sonnenfels completed his first text on political science and public administration and engaged in correspondence with Lessing, Goethe, and others associated with the German Enlightenment. (6)
The socio-political and economic philosophy of Sonnenfels exemplified the reform spirit of the Austrian Enlightenment. Influenced by the ideas of Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Beccaria, Sonnenfels advocated reforms for major realms within the Empire. If the public welfare of the state were to be achieved, Sonnenfels argued that all classes in the state must be educated. Education led to tolerance and enabled the nobility, the merchants, the artisans and the peasantry to understand the laws of Nature and to advance farming and industry. As an admirer of the physiocratic doctrines of Helvetius, Sonnenfels believed that the enlightened emperor should empower civil servants from the aristocratic and middle classes to manage the economy; these well trained bureaucrats would educate the peasantry and the artisans and would improve the conditions of these two classes, so that farming and industry would be developed efficiently in imperial lands. (7) As a proponent of humanitarianism, Sonnenfels favored judicial reforms. Serving on numerous legal commissions during his long career, he proposed the abolition of capital punishment and torture; Sonnenfels further during the reigns of Joseph and Francis I worked to revise the Empire's civil and criminal codes. (8)
As a result of the efforts and influence of Sonnenfels and other Masons occupying major positions within the Empire, the ephemeral Josephine Enlightenment program did succeed. This "revolutionary emperor" during the 1780's decreed the absolute equality of taxation, abolished capital punishment and torture, granted religious toleration to the Jews, introduced measures to emancipate the peasantry, and improved educational facilities throughout the Empire. (9) Was not Freemasonry to serve as "The Party of Humanity" in implementing this liberal and enlightened reform program throughout the lands in the Austro-Hungarian Empire? (10)
(1) S.K. Podover, The Revolutionary Emperor (New York: Bollou, 1934), pp. 262-265.
(2) Robert A. Kann, A Study in Austrian Intellectual History (New York: Praeger, 1960), pp. 121-145.
(3) Kann, Austrian Intellectual History, pp. 147-148.
(4) Kann, Austrian Intellectual History, pp. 150-153.
(5) Paul Bernard, Joseph II (New York: Twayne, 1968), p. 60.
(6) Kann, Austrian Intellectual History, pp. 158-161
(7) Kann, Austrian Intellectual History, pp. 166-180.
(8) Ibid., pp. 181-189.
(9) R.R. Palmer and Joel Colton, A History of the Modern World (4th ea.; New York: Knopf, 1971), pp. 340-344.
(10) This view is suggested by R.R. Palmer, The Age of the Democratic Revolution (Princeton: Princeton University Press 1959), 1, pp. 374-377 and by Robert J. Kerner, Bohemia in the 18th Century (New York: Macmillan, 1932), p. 41 and p. 315.
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GET ANOTHER MEMBER TO JOIN OUR RANKS
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More About the Loge Des Neuf Soeurs
A letter from our member, Michel Brodsky, in Brussels, Belgium, gives more insight into the background of the Loge Des Neuf Soeurs, in Paris, which is of extreme interest to our readers. The letter is reproduced here.
The December, 1971 number of The Philalethes has an interesting article from Bro. William Weisberger, M.P.S. On "America and the French Lodge of the Nine Sisters." May I add some comments on this very valuable piece.
The basic book on this famous Lodge is "UNE LOGE MACONNIQUE AVANT 1789" "LA R.’.L.’. LES NEUFS SOEURS" written by LOUIS AMIABLE and edited in 1897 by Felix Alcan in Paris.
Louis Amiable who died on January 23, 1897 before his book was published but just as he had completed the last pages of it, was a lawyer, a Court of Appeal Judge in Aix en Provence and Grand Orator of the Grand Orient of France. He was apparently of the extreme wing of this Masonic body as he attacked the books of Oswald Wirth and also the Jesuits. But he was a very good historian and if some of his conclusion in this book would require some revision in our days it stands as the best work produced on this Lodge.
Regarding the relations between the members of the Lodge "LES NEUFS SOEURS" and America, two names are outstanding and their position in the Lodge shows that the attitude explained by Bro. Weisberger was based on very solid foundations.
First Benjamin Franklin had the number 106 on the Lodge register with the simple mention "Docteur Franklin" . . .
In July, 1778 the Lodge celebrated the Summer St. John feast at Passy in which village near Paris Franklin lived. The feast was celebrated in his honour as he had joined the Lodge when Voltaire was initiated. On this occasion (the St. John) the apron of Helvetius was offered to Franklin. This shows how much he was estimated.
On the 21st of May, 1779 Franklin was elected Worshipful Master of the Lodge, succeeding to the illustrious founder De Lalande. He remained in this position until May, 1781 when the Marquis de la Salle assumed the position. This was and still is a very normal practice in French Lodge for the W.M. to remain in the chair three years.
For an American what must have been a great moment for B. Franklin was the joining to the Lodge of John Paul Jones who joined in the spring 1780 . . . This was probably on the occasion of the visit of the illustrious sailor to France. He was received by the King himself. The correspondence between Grimm and his friends mentions that John Paul Jones has a great success in Paris and that after the request of the Lodge the sculptor HOUDON has made a portrait of him.
One does not find any other American mentioned among the members of the Lodge although this gathering was truly international comprising among others, three "naturalistes" or students of natural history and respectively attached to the King of England, the King of Swedeb, and of Spain . . .
It is difficult to assess what has been the real influence of those two famous Americans on the elite among which is worked some of the most imposing mind of the last years of this century. The Lodge "NES NEUFS SOEURS" was a center of philosophical and academical teaching, it was also a center where the most generous minds of the time could communicate with others for the triumph of Justice and equality.
But masonically speaking it played another role and not the least important. In the normal working of the Lodge the eminent members would read poems, odes and other literary and artistic production. This habit remains in the Masonic working of French origin, and the Lodges meetings are consecrated to ritual working only three or four times a year although they may meet once a week. The other meetings see conferences on a variety of subjects which may not even be strictly Masonic.
This tendency to use Freemasonry for the enlightment of its members led naturally to use for the enlightment of the non-members and opened the door to all sorts of excesses about which a very competent French Masonic historian "Jean Baylot" has recently published an excellent book called "LA VOIE SUBSTITUEE."
And this famous Lodge, The Lodge of DeLalande, Franklin and John Paul Jones, lived for another half century, to finish its life in 1848, for lack of members.
I would like to add the book from L. AMIABLE contains some valuable pictures and only their poor quality refrain from mailing a XEROX with the present letter. I would mention that the seal of the Lodge should be at the "Musee Carnavalet" in Paris and may probably be seen there.
This work from L. AMIABLE is very valuable as it gives a good idea of spirit of progress of the Lodge which was honoured by B. Franklin, the man who led Voltaire in the Lodge Rooms on the day of the initiation of the latter and it shows also that the universal spirit of Freemasonry was lively two centuries ago as it is today.
I do hope that this small piece of work badly typed and probably very much in need of editing might interest you and other brethren. At any rate convey my congratulations to Bro. Weisberger as he brought up a most fascinating subject.
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Notes, Queries and Information On Items of Masonic Research
BY MELVIN L. PFANKUCHE, M.P.S.
14267-130th Place, N.E., Kirkland, Washington 98033
1972 - No. 4
THE NUMBER OF LETTERS CONTAINING QUESTIONS which relate to matters of fact in Masonic history, biography and tradition, justify their treatment in a column apart from other portions of the magazine.
Our readers arid members are invited to send such material appropriate for use in this column, especially information concerning research currently under way.
The Editor will assist the Sponsor of this column which is supervised and run by Brother Melvin L. Pfankuche, M.P.S.
It must be noted that this page is far EXCHANGE of information and opinion, and does not pretend to provide the final answer to any query.
SWAP CORNER
FOR NEEDED BOOKS AND
RESEARCH MATERIAL
Readers please carry on all correspondence with individuals in need.
You’re on your own!
16 - DeKalb (February 1958, October 1959 and February 1961). Several references have been made to the ceremony on March 9, 1825 on the occasion of LaFayette's last and triumphial visit to lay the cornerstone of the monument to DeKalb. The visit to Camden, South Carolina, a part of the "grand tour" and references to the Masonic processions led by LaFayette to the scene still do not establish any Masonic connections of DeKalb. Has any further research during the past decade been able to discover any further light on the subject ?
51 - Return Jonathan Meigs (August 1958). In the previous mention of Meigs, is buried in the Hiwassee Old Garrison Cemetery about 10 miles east of Dayton, Tennessee. "Meigs was a renowned regimental commander in the Revolutionary Army; Past Master of American Union Lodge at Marietta, Ohio, in 1801; and agent to the Cherokee Nation." At the time of the last printing, the gravestone of Meigs was reported to be rather "dilapidated." Has this problem been corrected? If so, may we have the details? If not, what can we do about it?
258 - Degree Teams. (December, 19-68). When I was in San Francisco last November, I sat in Lodge with Bro. Norman C. Dutt, F.P.S. The occasion was the simulated conferral of the E.A. Degree in the ENGLISH EMULATION Ritual. There were nine members of the Degree Team and six held Symbolic Membership outside the U.S.
Brother Dutt tells me that they are available for work and that he is personally doing quite well.
280 - Independence Day Bicentennial. (August 1970). "A Report On The American Revolution Bicentennial Celebration, 1976" has been issued with the subtitle: "Highlights of Progress to Date." This 6 x 9 inch booklet of 13 pages lists "The Charge from Congress," "The Charge From the President," the report of "The National Commission," "Programs of States," "Government Agencies," "Civic Projects" and "Miscellaneous Projects." I obtained my copy from the Library of Congress. However, I would expect that copies, if still available, could be obtained from The Bicentennial Commission, Washington, D.C.
283 - Square & Compasses with Gavel Emblem. (August 1970). Brother Birley D. Schoen, M.P.S., Philadelphia, Pa., 19150 suggests that the emblem may also be used by the Jr O U A M, Junior Order United American Mechanics, as listed in the Philadelphia telephone book. Brother Schoen says that he has driven nest the North Broad Street office of this group and he has seen a sign similar as the one described two years ago.
326 - Masonic Burial At Sea. Several years ago one of the Grand Lodge publications carried an article entitled: "A Mason's Ashes Buried At Sea," or something to that effect. A question has now been brought up in reference to the possible conflict with Masonic Funeral and Burial Rites. Further, how are the legal requirements fulfilled? And, finally, what about the materials contained within the various lectures?
327 - A. H. Morehead, P.G.M. The above named 11th Grand Master of Masons in New Mexico died on March 17, 1906. Like Moses and Caleb B. Smith, the burial place is unknown. In this case, not even the state of death was unknown to the inquiring Brother.
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Welcome To
New Members
EARL KAYE DILLE, 310 Woodside Drive, Kirkwood, Missouri 63122
WILLIAM L. BACKUS, 4315 N. Kildare Ave., Chicago, Ill. 60641
JAMES J. LAMPOS, 10839 S. Harlem Ave., Worth, Ill. 60482
VERNON C. PAPIENSKI, 1005 Devon Ave., Park Ridge, Ill. 60068
KENNETH IRVING MICHELSEN, 11437 Cornell Ave. So., Seattle, Wash. 98178
HENRY TEUBEL, P. O. Box 477, Tulip, Texas 79088
RALPH SHERMAN NEALY, P. O. Box 142, Jericho, Vt. 05465
WILLIAM J. MAID, JR., 27 Snughaven Rd., Richmond, Va. 23228
HUGH A. COLE, 141 S. 18th Street, St. Charles, Ill. 60174
WILLIAM BURROUGH BARNES, 217 S. Virginia Ave., Danville, Ill. 61832
DR. JOSEPH D. SATTER, 1301 West Pratt Blvd., Chicago, Ill. 60626
JACK NIROKU SHIMONISHI, 10,000 Burt Road, Detroit, Mich. 48228
JAMES DEWEY PENLEY, JR., 365 McCelvey Street, York, South Carolina 29745
FLOYD W. MCBURNEY, 915 Waban Hill, Madison, Wisc. 53711
EDWARD RICHARD WALSH, 28 Maple Street, Lexington, Mass. 02173
DONALD J. PIERCE, 510 S. Ridgeland Ave., Oak Park, Ill. 60304
GERALD DICKSON FOSS, P. O. Box 218, Rye, New Hampshire 03870