Contents
Iowa's Masonic Magazines
Masonic Leadership
The Confused Executive
Masonic Best Sellers
- 1723 & 1734
Rise and Development
of Freemasonry in Australia
It Seems to Me
Books of Interest to Masons
Jerry Marsengill, FPS Editor
2714 Park Place
Des Moines, IA 50312
Alphonse Cerza, FPS, Life, Assoc. Editor
237 Millbridge Road Riverside,
IL 60546
John Black Vrooman, FPS, Life
P.O. Box 402 Editor Emeritus
St. Louis, MO 63166
OFFICERS
Bruce H. Hunt, F.P.S. President
P.O.Box 188 Kirksville,
Missouri 63501
Allen E. Roberts, FPS, 1st Vice President
Drawer 70, 1-A South Holly Ave
Highland Springs, VA 23075
John R. Nocas, FPS, 2nd Vice President
P O. Box 2366
Inglewood, CA 90305
S. Brent Morris FPS Executive Secretary
5088 Lake Circle West
Columbia, MD 21044
John Mauk Hilliard, FPS Treasurer
30 - 70 48th St. Apt. 3-G Astoria,
New York 11103
Ronald E. Heaton F.P.S. Treasurer Emeritus
728 Haws Avenue Norristown,
Pennsylvania 19401
LIVING PAST PRESIDENTS
Philalethes Society
Lee E. Wells Alphonse Cerza, FPS (Life)
Judge Robert H. Gollmar, FPS
William R. Denslow, FPS
Robert V. Osborne, FPS
Eugene S Hopp, FPS
Dwight L Smith, FPS
Robert L Dillard Jr., FPS
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY EMERITUS
Carl R. Griesen, FPS
CONTENTS
Iowa's Masonic Magazines Masonic
Leadership Masonic
Best Sellers 1723 & 1734
The Rise and Development of Freemasonry in Australia
It Seems to Me
Al Cerza Reviews Books of Interest to Masons
Through Masonic Windows
On the Cover The cover this month depicts the martyrdom of Jaques Demolai. This print, as well as twenty-four others, can be ordered from the Macoy Masonic Supply Company of Richmond, Virginia. We thank Macoy for granting us the use of their copyrighted material.
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The Evergreen
by Keith Arrington, FPS
Dr. Edward A. Guilbert, M.D., of Dubuque, Iowa, had a sure-fire idea for a new Masonic magazine. With the recent conclusion of the war between the States, Masonry was on the upswing. Iowa had achieved Statehood more than two decades ago and now towns and cities were growing. With a dozen or more Masonic periodicals being published around the country, he saw the craft in the western States and especially Iowa feeling the need of an organ to advance the interests of the order.
More than that, Dr. Guilbert had one of the best known Masons of the day as his associate editor and principal contributor. "The Evergreen" was to be the official publication of the widely publicized journey to the Holy Land by Rob Morris, L.L.D.
Indeed, Morris' "Journal of Explorations in Bible Lands" was published exclusively in The Evergreen. The first of six chapters in this saga appeared in the May 1868 issue, after a couple of introductory articles. Contributors to his tour were promised that they would receive the journal through the medium of The Evergreen.
An editorial note to a Morris article in February said: "We expect to receive from him, in time for our March number, an account of his Atlantic voyage. The first issue of the Journal of Explorations will appear in our number for April, occupying six pages. Each subsequent number up to and including that for September, will contain installments of what will be, as we think, one of the most interesting Masonic documents ever published in a Masonic magazine. Our arrangement with him is that the Official Journal of his tour will alone appear in The Evergreen. He will, however, furnish articles in the same topics for other Masonic periodicals. One dollar additional from each of his subscribers will pay for our magazine for one year.
The Evergreen "A monthly journal devoted to Masonic culture, uniformity and progress," was presented to the waiting world in January of 1868. Published at Dubuque by Guilbert, Barnes and Company, Proprietors, it was distinguished by a green wrapper in keeping with its title. The sixteen letter size pages were divided into three columns of small type of about eight point, which enabled the editor to boast about the large amount of information provided. Small headings were also used, with articles beginning at whatever point on the page the preceding one ended. This was typical of the time and while it was less attractive than today's publications with their airier makeup, it was an economical use of space and packed every inch of the page with type.
Aside from some cuts later used for department headings, the only illustration in the magazine was a small one column by two inch map of the Holy Land, used with Morris' journal. Paid advertising was carried from the first, nine ads of varying sizes appearing on the back cover of Issue Number One.
To promote the new publication, a specimen copy edition of 1500 was sent into every lodge in Iowa and distributed "to some extent in Minnesota, Nebraska and other States." The editor declared "Our aim is to point Masonry to newer and fairer heights of culture and progress. We come to our Knightly work on behalf of the noblest of human institutions, an institution which bad men, even in our own land, endeavored to legislate out of existence, and are now again seeking to entangle in the land."
"Of an institution which has its undying roots in the soil of the teeming past, while its evergreen branches canopy the world in the living present. We come to discuss the Masonic issues of today, with all the freedom, fervency and zeal the God of Moses has given us, crying aloud our rallying cry - 'Speak unto the Children of Israel, that they may go forward!'."
In a prospectus printed on the inside back cover of the first issue, the publishers stated: "Its editors and correspondents are Masons of large experience and conceded literacy attainments." Terms were $2.00 per annum, with special club rates.
Rob Morris, in a first issue article, proclaimed The True Theory of Masonic Journalism. "Since the establishment of the first Masonic periodical in the United States (Philadelphia, 1811, 1813) there have been at least one hundred attempts at this sort of journalism, of which the greater part fell still born. Scarcely half of the list outlived the first volume; not one fifth went to a second volume: only two survived their twentieth anniversary. The reasons for this discouraging state of things are not esoteric.
"The elements of success are three in number; First, Business qualifications in publishing; second, Editorial ability in conducting; third, Capital to back up the undertaking. Without these three it is safe to say no newspaper can be a success.
Examining the one hundred or so Masonic periodicals in the Iowa Masonic Library, Morris continued: "Most of the editors were also publishers, a conjunction hateful to both gods and men. Men, in short, whose whole idea of Masonic periodicals consisted in the preparation of a dull article or two monthly, a loud squeal for "more patronage," and a sharp pair of scissors. What is the trestle board that will most likely secure a favorable reception from the craft at large?
"First, a spicy, trenchant, incisive style; sententious; winnowed of all 'vices and superfluities;' paragraphical. This is your only reliable style. To be read one must be brief and pointed. The punctuation should include large numbers of periods, and writers should know how to dissect lumbering bodies at the joints.
"Second, much genuine information must be imparted. Third, the avoidance of controversy. No Masonic paper can prosper or ought to prosper, that lays aside the emblems of peace and gives itself to strife.
"Fourth, the appearance of the work has much to do with success. Good paper, new type, a good press and pressmen, an accurate proof-reader. Punctual delivery is of course a sine qua non. A large and general system of advertising must be adopted or fair competition with the existing papers could not be had."
With so clear a design so skillfully drawn on his trestle board by the master craftsman, Morris, the new editor-publisher of The Evergreen had his blueprint for success. Although he did not again refer directly to this plan, he did appear to follow it. At the end of the first year. Guilbert commented: "We have had bestowed upon us a large amount of unsolicited advice as to the editorial conduct of our magazine and have followed them only when it seemed to us best to do so."
Dr. Guilbert, a native of New York State, moved his medical practice from Illinois to Dubuque in 1856. Past Master of lodges in both States, he in 1860 organized Key City Lodge No. 161 "to secure uniformity of the work" and was its only Master until its charter was surrendered in 1864. With John Scott and William B. Langridge, he was appointed a Custodian of the Work in 1859. As a result of their efforts, a reformed work was adopted by the Grand Lodge in 1860. Guilbert was widely known across the State as a result of his having held schools of instruction in a large number of cities and towns.
Serving as Senior Grand Warden in 1861, Guilbert was appointed Deputy Grand Master the following year and in October of that year, when the Grand Master, General Thomas Hart Benton, accepted a command in the volunteer army, Guilbert became Acting Grand Master. Elected to the office in 1863, he was Iowa's wartime Grand Master, serving two terms, 1863 to 1865. Guilbert, himself, served for five months as a Captain of Company "A" of the 46th Iowa Infantry in western Tennessee.
During a four year stint as Fraternal Reviewer he earned a reputation as a "voluminous writer of Masonic literature."
Subscribers to the new magazine were greeted on page one of the first issue by "an original tale," entitled "The Outcast" by "G.F.G." (later revealed as Guilbert's sister). This two and a half page tale, whose hero turned out to be "at once a preacher and a Mason," did share its first page with a Rob Morris poem, "The Working Tools," written "for the Evergreen." Other Tales, usually "Masonic Tales" and often written by G.F.G. or Rob Morris, were a regular feature of The Evergreen, as a part of the editor's efforts to keep his magazine "spicy" and interesting. This adjective was popular with the editor and he considered it the best compliment he could give to another Masonic publication or that he could receive. "We want short, spicy readable articles from live men, who believe with us that the Primality is the only true fountain of Masonry, and that all the associate degrees are but rivulets flowing therefrom."
Heeding Rob Morris' admonition to provide much genuine information, the first issues had articles by associate editors and others on Anti-Masonry, uniformity, jurisprudence, and African (Negro) lodges. Regular departrnents devoted to Knights Templar, Eastern Star and Royal Arch were introduced. The editor had two departments of his own, "The Primality" ("First the Primality, then the others") and "Cor Unum, Via Una" (One heart, one way). News from other States was received in "Our letter from Minnesota" and "Our letter from New York" or elsewhere.
By far the largest amount of space was filled with letters from readers commenting at length on previous articles, or on other subjects. The editor cautioned: "Correspondents are requested to study brevity, as we find our sixteen pages too few for our needs."
The intention to publish the history of Masonry in Iowa was announced in the first issue. This history by C. Childs of Dubuque continued in every issue of the first three volumes. A lodge-by-lodge history, it devoted much space to names of founders and officers. T.S. Parvin, Grand Secretary, was listed as one of the seven contributing editors and promised to prepare a series of articles, "Annals of Iowa Masonry." However, probably because of ill health, only two articles appeared.
Topics which received repeated attention in The Evergreen included Negro Masonry, Anti-Masonry and imposters. Short news items on male and female imposters, who lived by falsely claiming Masonic charity, were regularly carried. One issue of the magazine had mention of at least two women and two men who were approaching Iowa lodges with this scheme.
It is not too surprising that Negro Masonry was of such concern at the time, considering that this was immediately after the conclusion of the Civil War, a period when Blacks were enjoying their newly gained freedom to enjoy activities that had been previously denied them. An unsigned letter published in the first issue of The Evergreen asked "Why are not Negro Masons recognized?" Despite a disclaimer carried regularly by the editor to the effect that "we put no padlocks on the lips of our interlocutors (and) are not responsible for their utterances," Guilbert seemed to be sympathetic to the problems of the Negro Mason.
The discussion flowed from issue to issue of the magazine and touched all the way from ridicule to support. In a tongue-in-cheek and blatantly racist letter from "Squashville, Mo.", the writer related that his lodge, "Caucasian Lodge No. 9876," was considering leaving the word "Ethiopia" out of the ritual as a protest. In contrast to this narrow view, the writer of the original letter answered with a long letter saying he would like to see some reasons besides the effete ones of color and inferiority.
Dr. Guilbert, in commenting on the Colored Grand Lodge of Missouri and its Grand Master, Alexander Clark of Muscatine, Iowa, said: "The proceedings are quite interesting and creditable. The members of the body appear to be full of life, and thoroughly imbued with the spirit of charity to all, and malice toward none. The Grand Master is essentially a man of great activity as well as of marked ability. We bid these colored men God-speed in their laudable effort to 'work out their own salvation'."
Anti-Masonic "Cussedness" was reported regularly. Activities of "intolerant and narrow-minded" organizations and individuals were reported including the Free Methodists, the United Brethren, the National Christian Association and "Phinney, Blanchard & Co." "It has occurred to us, when reflecting on the present crusade which is being preached against Freemasonry, that the principal cause of their hostility to our order was the fact that they are 'outs' and have failed to get 'in' while the crafts are ins and do not propose to be put out.
A substantial portion of the "genuine information" was provided in the news of lodges, reported from the lodges themselves or by one of the traveling agents who spasmodically represented The Evergreen. These reports were almost without exception positive and rose-colored. Each lodge was doing well, every town was prospering. On occasion one man might be listed as the sole agent; in December 1869 almost seventy "resident agents" to whom subscriptions might be paid, were listed.
Almost all articles in The Evergreen were written in a personal reporting and commenting fashion, giving editorial quality to the reporting, not just the cold facts alone. Many attempts at humorous writing were made, often under a nom-de-plume. Some writing which was not intended to be humorous at the time may seem at least a trifle quaint at the present time. Read this from an account of a Knights Templar banquet at Des Moines: "For general beauty of form and feature and for chaste elegance in toilet, the Des Moines ladies cannot be excelled in the state."
Despite Rob Morris' injunction to avoid controversy, Editor Guilbert eagerly snatched up any gauntlet which was dropped and gladly did battle. When Editor Gouley of The Freemason of St. Louis commented in a slurring manner about an Evergreen article on Negro Masonry, Guilbert responded: "Our excellent brother does not give place in his paper to anything which happens to be adverse to opinions he may entertain. Had Brother Gouley reprinted our article in full, certain things he said would have gone unsaid, because their refutation would have been contained in the same column. We prefer to pursue a different course. If anything we say happens to irk a brother, we are not afraid to print his response."
Other papers were continually reminded by Guilbert that he expected them to give credit for items clipped from The Evergreen. He decried their "cribbing from us without credit" and asked of them "is it just to reproduce without credit a story which was original with The Evergreen and was paid for by us?"
The circulation of The Evergreen ballooned from a mere two hundred fifty at the beginning to almost 1300 at the end of the first year, "without an agent in the field." An optimistic report, but not statistics, was given at the end of the second year. The third year brought an enlarged Evergreen of twenty pages. The editor indicated that he might have to neglect the paper a little "for, notwithstanding our already good and increasing circulation, there is little money in it for the editor - hence he cannot neglect for this his secular calling."
In October 1870, announcement was made that "the subscription list and good will of the paper have been sold to Griggs, Watson and Day, Publishers of Davenport and hereafter they will publish The Evergreen and control its destinies." The October issue contained about two thirds Non-Masonic literary matter. Guilbert remained as editor until the end of the year.
In summing up the three years, Dr. Guilbert said, in part: "The volumes are now a part of the history of the craft, and we are not ashamed of them. The labor has been very, very onerous, for the editor's pen has been forced to prepare a very large share of the matter which had filled the teeming columns of this paper. We leave the paper in good hands."
The discussion of Rob Morris and his Masonic pilgrimage to the Holy Land has purposely been left to be dealt with separately. It is a story in itself. The plan was ingenious: to get Masons to pay for his trip, to get them to pay again to hear him lecture about it when he returned, to publish a book about the trip. Morris was widely known. A Masonic poet, writer, lecturer, Past Grand Master of Kentucky and inventor of the Order of the Eastern Star, he was a charming and magnetic personality well able to persuade his audiences.
From late October until mid December in 1867, Morris made a "hasty tour of Iowa." In eight weeks he performed the incredible feat of visiting five or six lodges each week. Try that in your horse and buggy! "My object, frankly stated in each lodge, was to raise funds for a Masonic exploration of the Holy Land. My call for these was beautifully responded to my proposition being made the subject of special commendation and I was assured in many ways that I enjoyed the love and confidence of Iowa Masons."
Part of the scheme was a promise by Morris to send souvenir items from Masonically related locations in the Holy Land to each contributor. A $5 contributor was promised ten specimens including two pieces of stone, an ancient coin, a sprig of acacia, a piece of cedar. On his return in September he was faced with the monumental task of sorting, labeling and packaging. His $10 patrons, of whom there were 390, were each to receive 150 specimens, making 60,000 specimens required for this one group alone!
Morris landed at Beirut in March and planned to continue his exploration until August. The first chapter of his Journal, scheduled for the April Evergreen, arrived late and appeared in May. The sixth and final chapter, originally slated for September, was published in March of 1869. However, there were other articles from Morris about the Holy Land and a variety of other topics. His contributions to the magazine continued throughout Guilbert's tenure as editor-publisher.
With the change in ownership in October of 1870, Rob Morris, if not banished, at least disappeared from the pages of The Evergreen. To direct the magazine's destiny, the new owners turned to a pair of long time associates for whom they had done printing through the years. Grand Secretary Theodore S. Parvin was named Editor and his assistant, William Langridge, who was also Grand Recorder of Knights Templar, was named Associate Editor.
For his part, at least, Parvin accepted the job for a fee of $1,000 per year, with the provision that "we should receive our pay out of the incomes of the magazine and after the expenses of its publication had been met." At the end of two years, he was to write: "We have labored hard and shall not for these two years of service receive a single red cent."
Griggs, Watson and Day, the publishers, fared no better, for in their final issue they declared: "The Evergreen has not paid the cost of printing the past two years. Either the want of such a magazine did not exist or we have not known how to meet it. We think we have given the experiment a fair trial.
A change in format was the first evidence that here was a new magazine. While retaining the green wrapper, the size was reduced to octavo, two columns, with forty-eight pages in place of the former sixteen or twenty. Steel plate engraved portraits appeared as frontispieces.
"We shall strive to make The Evergreen a welcome visitor to the 'Mason's Home.’ A new family department shall be added. We shall endeavor to keep the brethren posted in the masonic intelligence of the day. In our work, we shall not forget that we are gentlemen." So went the Salutatory, which greeted readers to issue one of the fourth volume, which Parvin regarded as a "New Series" and not a continuation of the old, which indeed, it was not.
Without a stable of writers or associate editors to call upon, most of the writing was done by the two editors. Leon Hyneman and Jacob Norton were credited with articles frequently. Articles were clipped from other publications, with credit given. Letters from readers continued as before, as did an occasional "letter from Philadelphia" or elsewhere.
The brethren were kept posted in the masonic intelligence of the day in part through two departments, one headed "Masonic Intelligence" and the other "Editorial Department." The latter was a little more succinct and more apt to contain opinions of the editor, while the former might quote at length from proceedings received. A Gleanings department contained short items, partially masonic, some merely of general interest.
Parvin and Langridge contributed news, commentary and information. Grand Lodge activities were reported at length as were those of the Grand Commandery, a natural consequence of having the Grand Secretaries as editors. The family department provided many pages of tales, poems and articles of possible family interest.
Certainly effort was made to make the magazine appeal to a wider readership. While lacking the "spiciness" of Guilbert’s era, it was readable, informative and newsy. If Masonic reading plus "something for the family" was desired, this seemed to fill the order.
When failure of the new team’s efforts after two years was admitted, Parvin reasoned: "It may be that the publishers, in the multiplicity of their business, neglected the business portion of this. It may be that they trusted too much (as verily they did) to the cooperation of the Masons of Iowa for support. It may be and probably is true that we are not suited to this work. We have tried. An editor has but one whom he should seek to please, and we confess that in our efforts to please others we have not succeeded in pleasing ourself."
Washing his hands of The Evergreen, Parvin wrote "The brethren for whom we have labored and toiled and devoted thirty of the best years of our life for a mere pittance as an officer, should not act so unbrotherly a part, and shall no longer have our services without pay, for henceforth we will serve no body of men without a reasonable compensation at least."
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Masonic Leadership The Confused Executive
(Part 1 of a six-part series on Masonic Leadership)
by Allen E. Roberts, FPS
"Enthusiasm has to, come from the top down. It can't come from the bottom up." This was a "teaser" in an article found in one of the dozens of magazines on computers I read each month. It's a truism in any endeavor, not merely computers.
Far, far too often we find not genuine enthusiasm at the top in Freemasonry. We do find "leaders" giving lip-service to the need for leadership. But that's usually where it ends - on the lips. The necessary action is lacking.
"Management for a non-profit organization! You're crazy!" That was among the kindest phrases cast on me when I first suggested, several years ago, we must utilize the principles of management in the Craft.
A few, far too few, of our Masonic leaders have learned the hard way that I was correct. In Freemasonry we've got to use the principles advocated for profit-making managers. If we don't, within two generations this Order will go the way of many others - into oblivion.
You don't believe it? Do a little research. It doesn't have to be too time-consuming. Check and see what has happened to many fraternal organizations over the years. Look at what happens to far too many businesses. It is estimated (and I believe charitably) that 50% of new businesses are dissolved within two years. Within five, over two thirds are gone from the scene. Why?
In almost every case you will find a lack of knowledgeable leadership and/or under-capitalization. Look at both of these reasons objectively. Poor leadership; not enough money. Sound familiar? You can bet your tin cup it does. It does because it's exactly what has been, and is, occurring in Freemasonry.
Let's look at the money angle for a moment. Not all the appendant bodies are operating on a rotting limb. A few have been able to build up large bank accounts. They know how to get money off the top. Others are trying to be of service to the Craft by collecting pennies (literally) per member. But far, far too many of our Lodges and Grand Lodges are trying to operate in a 1984 economy on a 1954 monetary structure. That's a little difficult, even with magical powers.
Many years ago Dwight L. Smith warned against killing the goose that lays the golden egg. His warning hasn't been heeded. The Lodges and Grand
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(Editor's note: ln his revised Facts for Freemasons, the late Harold Van Buren Voorhis, FPS, Life and a Past President of The Philalethes Society, was asked: "What Masonic author and educator has probably done more than any other in modern times to further and encourage Masonic education?" His answer: "Allen E. Roberts, author of several books including the very popular The Craft and Its Symbols, written especially for the newly raised Master Mason to answer questions raised in his mind after taking the degrees. Producer of the Masonic Educational Training Program films (5); The Brotherhood of Man documentary for the M.S.A. His books, House Undivided and Key to Freemasonry's Growth, have both gone into several printings."
Coming from one of America's most knowledgeable Freemasons and author, that is high praise, indeed. Put for those who do not know Allen (or Al, as most of us who know him well call him) this may need expanding.
In the Foreword I wrote for his soon to be published Freemasonry In America I said (among other things) "In my opinion, Allen Roberts is the most knowledgeable Masonic educator of the present day. He has taken contemporary management techniques and has applied them to Freemasonry. Naturally, he isn't universally popular. Men of little minds and big egos take strong exception when someone shows them what they have been doing wrong. The one strident voice, crying in the wilderness (or perhaps whimpering in the back pasture), making itself heard over the sounds of the general acclaim, is ignored as much as possible.
"Al Roberts has taken his lumps. The honors so justly his due have never been paid him."
"As a professional editor, not a Masonic editor, but a professional, I am appalled at the amount of work which Allen puts in on each project and the small amount of profit he has ever made. If he were to apply the same amount of energy and time to some professional endeavor, he would become independently wealthy. Instead he works for the fraternity which he loves. He never knows until a film or other project ends whether he will lose money on it."
The present series for our magazine is a case in point. So is his regular column "Through Masonic Windows. " He knows he will be paid nothing in the coin of the realm for the hundreds of hours devoted to them. Yet, he feels if he can convince just one Master Mason who reads what he writes that Freemasonry is worth working for, his payment will be complete.
In 1969 Al wrote Key To Freemasonry's Growth, the first and only attempt to put the principles of management to work for the Craft. This book is still as modern as today. If you are really interested in Masonic education and leadership, get the book read and study it, along with this series of articles that will run for the next six editions. You'll be glad you did.]
Jerry Marsengill
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Lodges are desperate while a few appendant bodies are salting away large sums. The goose is being rapidly suffocated. The time has come for this bird to look at the [overall] picture. It's time for new designs to be drawn on the trestle board.
Perhaps it's the lack of money that has created our confused Masonic executives. There hasn't been enough money to educate them properly - Masonically. Search the budgets of almost any Grand Lodge, or Grand Body, to try to find a sufficient sum set aside for Masonic education. You'll search in vain. These bodies may have "education committees." If they do they have but little cash of the realm to work with.
This leads to Masonic educators who know little more than those they're trying to teach. A man is appointed to go forth into his district, or Jurisdiction, and create Masonic disciples. He isn't told what to teach or how to teach. He is given no prior training. Fortunately a few rise above the confused executive. They learn by trial and error. They teach themselves. They have to. They are never given any tools to work with.
"Very few managers are sending their employees to computer training," claimed another teaser in the computer magazine article. Amazing! Even profit-making organizations are ignoring the facts of life as the "non-profit" associations do. The new computer operators are being forced to do what the Masonic educator has been doing for centuries - learn on their own. There are evidently confused managers out there as there are confused leaders within the Craft.
What can be done to whip this confusion? Not much - if we continue to sit on our dubious laurels of the past. Not much - if we continue to allocate pennies for Masonic education but thousands to keep the ritual "pure." Nothing - if we expect to cure the ills of centuries overnight.
Almost fifteen years ago I was invited to meet with an Education Committee of a Grand Lodge. It was concerned. Members were being suspended every year in large numbers. There was no continuity among the officers of the Grand Lodge from year to year. Few were attending the state-wide education conferences. Education was at a low ebb. The Committee wanted to know what could be done to turn the tide around.
Having spent fourteen frustrating years on a Grand Lodge Committee on Education I could speak with a little authority. At that time I had produced two training films based on my book Key To Freemasonry's Growth. Among other things, I suggested they place a copy of that book in every Lodge; that they start using the films (one a year) along with the film's Leader's Guide; and that they hold a state-wide "Wardens' Workshop" immediately after the close of the Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge. BUT, this should be done only if they could be certain of a five year commitment.
All the Grand Lodge officers were present that day. They discussed the proposal at length, then agreed to start and continue the program for five years. They did a tremendous job. The tide was reversed. And the fruits of that commitment are still apparent.
A Grand Master, over the strong objections of many in his Grand Lodge, agreed with his Director of Education and permitted four two-day seminars to be conducted during his year. These were based on KEY using the five training films. The participation was excellent. Although not many Masons could be reached, those who were present have worked wonders in their areas of influence.
In both of these cases we did have "enthusiasm from the top." This is rare, as we all know. So, perhaps we should take another look. Perhaps we should try building enthusiasm from the bottom!
It's easy to say "It Can't Be Done!" Then we don't have to do anything. But I've been encouraged by the results from some of those Master Masons who were once at the bottom. Some reached the top and did tremendous jobs against continuing opposition. Others are on their way to the top and are dedicated to the principles of the need to know more about Freemasonry. They won't be "confused leaders."
What can we do to take confusion out of the Craft? Try to put more enthusiasm into the leadership. If we aren't successful, start at the bottom. It will eventually reach the top. Let's give those service organizations working for the Craft dollars instead of pennies. Initiate, or support. efforts to spend more money to educate our members. Keep in mind - there is nothing more expensive than ignorance.
Don't get discouraged. Learn all you can about Freemasonry. There's plenty of help available from several sources. Become a teacher, then reach. Remember that what you learn isn’t worth much unless you share it with others. Ideas locked in your mind are worthless until you put them to use.
(Next, what it takes to be a leader; how to recognize one; how to "grow" them .)
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Masonic Best Sellers - 1723 & 1734
by John Nocas, FPS
"The Constitutions of the Free-Masons"
Written by James Anderson
The seed of Modern Freemasonry was planted in 1716 in London when a certain Mason (we don't know his name) suggested to several other Masons (we don't know their names either) that they have a meeting of the Lodges to which they belonged. They had the meeting (we don't know the date) and Dr. James Anderson (more about him later) said: "The few Lodges at London...thought fit to cement together under a Grand Master as the Center of Union and Harmony, viz the Lodges that met (1) At the Goose and Gridiron Ale-house in St. Paul's Church Yard (2) At the Crown Ale-house in Parker's Lane near Drury-Lane (3) At the Apple-Tree Tavern in Charles-street Covent-Garden (4) At the Runner and Grapes Tavern in Channel-Row, Westminster."
It would be of great Masonic historical importance if we knew the name of the brother who suggested this meeting for he might well be called the "Founder" of modern Masonry. We'll probably never know his name. We might mention here that although Masonry originated in England a Frenchman, John Desagaliers, was considered by some early Masonic writers the "Father" of modern speculative Masonry, Desaguliers, scientist and clergyman, was Grand Master in 1719 and later thrice appointed Deputy Grand Master. Coil's Encyclopedia has this quote about Desaguliers: "lt has been said that to him, perhaps more than any other man are we indebted for the existence of Freemasonry as a living institution and that it was he who by his energy and enthusiasm infused the spirit of zeal into his contemporaries." Denslow's "Ten Thousand Famous Freemasons" has this statement: "He probably did more than any other man to perfect the ritual and organize the Craft.'
Anderson says that at the meeting in 1716: "They and some old Brothers met at the said Apple-Tree, and having put into the Chair the oldest Master Mason (now the Master of a Lodge) they constituted themselves a GRAND LODGE pro Tempore in Due Form, and forthwith revived the Quarterly Communication of the Officers of Lodges (call'd the Grand Lodge) resolv'd to hold the Annual ASSEMBLY and Feast, and then to chuse a GRAND MASTER from among themselves, till they should have the Honour of a Noble Brother at their Head." Here again, we would like to know the name of the brother who was selected to "chair" this preliminary meeting, for he would be another Masonic immortal.
The Grand Lodge pro-Tempore met on St. John Baptist's Day, June 24, 1717, at the Goose and Gridiron Ale-House and "the Brethren by a majority of hands elected Mr. Antony Sayer Gentleman, Grand Master of Masons". The first Grand Master was a member of the Lodge that met at the Apple-Tree Tavern - now, after several numbers and name changes, Fortitude and Old Cumberland Lodge No. 12.
The Goose and Gridiron Ale-House was situated in St. Paul's Churchyard, London. It's largest banquet room was 14 1/2’ x 21 1/2' and presumably, this was the birthplace of a fraternity that was to spread to the far corners of the earth and grow from a membership of less than one-hundred (my guess) to more than six hundred thousand (United Grand Lodge of England) and in the "colonies" to over four million (U.S. figures for 1928-1937). These figures, and I can think of no better word, would have "boggled" their minds. The Goose and Gridiron Lodge is now Antiquity No. 2. William Preston, the famous Masonic writer and ritualist, was Master of this lodge in 1774.
The new Grand Lodge seemed to concern itself principally with observing the Annual Assembly and Feast on St. John Baptist’s day. Conducting business at the quarterly meetings seemed unimportant for no minutes of the Grand Lodge prior to June 24, 1723 exist. However, the second Grand Master, George Payne, showed an interest in the ancient charges and regulations of Masons and Anderson reported that he "desired any Brethren to bring to the Grand Lodge any old Writings and Records, concerning Masons and Masonry in order to shew the Usages of ancient Times: And this Year several old Copies of the Gothic Constitutions were produced and collated."
This was to bear fruit in 1920 when Payne was serving his second term as Grand Master. He felt the need for rules for the government of the Craft and, accordingly, drew up a set of thirty-nine General Regulations. These were presented to the Grand Lodge at the Annual Assembly and Feast on June 24, 1721. This meeting drew a notice in the London Post Boy: "There was a meeting on Saturday last at Stationers Hall between two and three hundred of the ancient Fraternity of Freemasons, who had a splendid dinner and musick." This was the first time, due to the expansion in members, that the Annual Assembly and Feast was held outside a tavern. This meeting was particularly important for it was then that the Duke of Montagu, the first nobleman to assume office, was installed Grand Master. Prior to this: "At the Grand Lodge in ample Form on Lady-Day 1721, at the said Place (the Goose and Grid-iron Ale-house) Grand Master Payne proposed for his Successor our most Noble Brother John Duke of Montagu, Master of a Lodge: who being present, was forthwith saluted Grand Master Elect, and his Health drank in due Form; when they all express'd great Joy at the happy Prospect of being again patronized by noble Grand Masters, as in the prosperous Time of Free Masonry." "Lady-Day, was Annunciation Day, March 25. Montagu was the "Noble Brother at the Head" which was mentioned in that first meeting in 1716. It marked, the beginning of Masonry's phenomenal growth as the attention of men of "noble birth" was drawn to the Craft. Robert F. Gould, the great Masonic historian said, "the Society rose at one bound into notice and esteem."
The Duke of Montagu decided to publish Payne's Regulations and to include the origin and history of operative Masonry. Accordingly at the Grand Lodge meeting on September 29, 1721: "His Grace and the Lodge finding Fault with all the Copies of the old Gothic Constitutions, order’d Brother James Anderson, A.M. to digest the same in a new and better Method."
James Anderson (1678?-1739) was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, and probably belonged to the lodge in that city. A James Anderson, glassworker and Secretary and Master of that Lodge, may have been his father. He received his A.M. and D.D. degrees from Marischall College in Aberdeen and taught there. In 1710 he went to London to become the minister of the Scotch Presbyterian Church in Piccadilly.
Nothing is known of his Masonic activity in London until 1721 when the Duke of Montagu asked him to prepare the first "Constitutions of FreeMasonry." He was Grand Warden in 1723 and also Master of Lodge No. 17 that year. He served three more terms as Grand Warden.
Anderson compiled the history of operative masonry from several old manuscripts that were available. Many more were to come to light later and there are now about one hundred of these manuscripts most of them written in the 17th and 18th century. Many are obviously copies but all are different in some respects. Coils Masonic Encyclopedia contains a list of those discovered through 1961.
Anderson's work was approved by a committee of fourteen in 1722 and the following year appeared "The Constitutions of the Free-Masons, Containing the History, Charges, Regulations, etc. of that most Ancient and Right Worshipful Fraternity. The last page reads:
"LONDON, this 17th Day of January, 1722,3. At the Quarterly Communication, This Book, which was undertaken at the Command of His GRACE the DUKE of MONTAGU, our late Grand Master, having been regularly approved in Manuscript by the Grand-Lodge, was this Day produced here in Print, and approved by the SOCIETY: Wherefore, we do hereby Order the fame to be Published, and recommend it for the Use of the LODGES." (Signed by PHILIP DUKE of WHARTON, Grand-Master, and J.T.DESAGULIERS. Deputy Grand Master.)
Just how much of the completed Constitutions was approved by the committee of fourteen is not known for Anderson was suspected of having revised and added other material prior to the actual printing. We must note, however, that the publication was a private venture of Anderson's and since it was his property he felt he had the right to "edit" it.
One of the most famous Masonic pictures is the frontispiece (here shown) of the Constitutions. It depicts the Duke of Montagu handing a roll of the Constitutions to his successor. Philip, Duke of Wharton. Behind the Duke of Montagu are John Beal, Deputy Grand Master and the two Grand Wardens, Josiah Villeneau and Thomas Morris. Behind the Duke of Wharton are John Desaguliers, Deputy Grand Master and as a minister clad in black. Joshua Timson the Senior Grand Warden and William Hawkins the Junior Grand Warden (James later replaced Hawkins).
The Dedication of the Constitutions was written by John Desaguliers. About half the book, 48 pages, covers the legendary history of masonry and geometry. It indicated that many important people and kings were Masons back to biblical times. It is difficult to believe but apparently the Masons of that period and for at least one hundred and fifty years later took this history seriously. It is now, of course, discredited.
A very important part of the Constitutions was the Charges, eight pages. There are six of these (1) Concerning God and Religion (2) Of the Civil Magistrate Supreme and Subordinate (3) Of Lodges (4) Of Master, Wardens, Fellows and Apprentices (5) Of the Management of the Craft in working and (6) Of Behavior.
The First Charge, Concerning God and Religion, caused a great stir. It included one of the most important statements in all of Masonry: "But though in ancient Times Masons were charg'd in every Country to be of the Religion of that Country or Nation; whatever it was, yet 'tis now thought more expedient only to oblige them to that Religion in which all Men agree, leaving their particular Opinions to themselves; that is, to be good Men and true, or Men of Honour and Honesty, by whatever Denominations or Persuasions they may be distinguish'd; whereby Masonry becomes the Center of Union, and the Means of conciliating true Friendship among Persons that must have remain'd at a perpetual Distance."
The new Grand Lodge had been very tolerant of the religious beliefs and affiliations of its members but apparently it was not prepared for a sudden "renunciation" of Christianity. It is thought that Anderson may have "jumped the gun" on this issue by inserting it on his own. It caused considerable consternation and even dissension among the members of the Craft. However, even though many would have liked to eliminate Christianity from the Craft's beliefs and ceremonies gradually, and over a period of time, it was bound to happen and Anderson only hastened its arrival. It did, however, have several important results. First, it undoubtedly was the reason for the spread and acceptance of Masonry through the world. If it had remained a Christian society its growth would have been limited. Second, it undoubtedly had much to do with the 1738 Bull (Papal decree) of Pope Clement XII against Freemasonry. It said in part: "...to enroll one's self in their lodge is the same as incurring the brand of depravity and perverseness for which reason the temporal and spiritual communities are enjoined, in the name of the holy obedience, neither to enter the society of Freemasons, to disseminate its principles, to defend it, nor to admit nor conceal it within their houses or palaces, or elsewhere, under pain of excommunication..." And, of course, the First Charge undoubtedly contributed to the emergence of two Christian Masonic Bodies ... the Royal Order of Scotland and the Knight Templars. We might note, however, that it was not until the next century that most references in the ritual to Christianity were removed.
Charge IV said that no Brother can be Grand Master "unless he has been a Fellow-Craft before his Election." This was before the official appearance of the Master Mason degree. The first recorded appearance of the third degree was in 1725 in a musical society named "The Philo-Musicae et Architecturae Societas, Apollini." This fascinating story is recorded in the December 1973 issue of "The Philalethes."
The Constitutions included 11 pages of General Regulations: "Compiled first by Mr. George Payne. Anno 1720, when he was Grand Master." Original copies of Payne's Regulations have not survived and here again Anderson was suspected of "tampering" with them, but it is agreed that they are basically Payne's. Regulation IV is of passing interest for it says: "No Lodge shall make more than five new Brethren at one Time, nor any Man under the Age of Twenty-five." Apparently they did not think a man mature enough to be a Mason until he was twenty-five years of age.
The Constitutions concluded with a Postscript, two pages on the "Manner of constituting a NEW LODGE," an Approbation of two pages also, and 16 pages of Masonic songs. The fact that so much of the Constitutions consists of songs indicates that singing at the dinner table was a very important part of the lodge meeting. I've never heard Masonic songs at our refreshment tables - has this practice been discontinued in the United States?
We pass now to the year 1734 at a print shop in Philadelphia owned by the great American patriot and statesman, Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was a Mason, made so in 1731 probably at the Lodge that met at the Tun Tavern. This lodge was operating under what was called "immemorial right" - that is, having no charter from a Grand Lodge. Franklin was later to become Provincial Grand Master of Pennsylvania. When in France, as Minister, he affiliated with the famous Lodge of the Nine Sisters and served as its Master for two years, 1779-81.
Franklin decided to reprint Anderson's Constitutions for the use of the colonial lodges. Accordingly the following announcement appeared in the May 9, 1734 edition of his "Pennsylvania Gazette." "Just Published - The Constitutions of the Freemasons: Containing the History, Charges, Regulations. etc. of that most Ancient and Right Worshipful Fraternity. London printed. Reprinted by B. Franklin in the year of Masonry 5734. Price stich'd 2s6, bound 4s.
Thus, among many other "firsts" Franklin had the distinction of printing the first Masonic book in America. It was an immediate "best seller" for although only some 130 copies were printed they were quickly sold.
Note that the cover page (here shown) says, "Reprinted in Philadelphia by special Order, for the Use of Brethren in NORTH-AMERICA." Researchers have wondered who gave this special order but it remains a mystery to this day. It could have been Henry Price, for years known as the Father of Freemasonry in America. Price was born in London (1697?) but went to Boston in 1723. While in London in 1730 he became a member of Lodge No. 75. and again in London in 1733 received a deputation from the Grand Lodge appointing him "Provincial Grand Master of New England and Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging." This deputation authorized him to form Lodges, supervise them, etc. At a meeting in the Bunch of Grapes Tavern in Boston, July 30, 1733, he formed a Provincial Grand Lodge and organized what was to become First Lodge of Boston, No. 126 in the Grand Lodge of England. In 1734 his jurisdiction was extended to "all North America where no Provincial Grand Master was authorized to function."
Another possibility as giving Franklin special order to reprint the Constitutions was Daniel Coxe of New Jersey. On June 3, 1730 he received a deputation from the Duke of Norfolk to be "provincial Grand Master of New York. New Jersey and Pennsylvania." There is, however, no record of his activities as Provincial Grand Master. He was a member of Lodge No. 8, London, England.
Brother Harold Van Buren Voorhis, Master in 1937 of Mystic Brotherhood No. 21, Red Bank, New Jersey, did extensive research into the fate of the 130 or so Constitutions published by Franklin. Voorhis was one of this century's great Masonic researchers and authors. He was a member of some 80 Masonic bodies, presiding over 35 of them. From these figures you can readily see why Worshipful Brother Allen E. Roberts of Virginia, author of many Masonic books and producer of Masonic films. said: "If any man can be called "Mr. Mason" in the United States, it's Harold Van Buren Voorhis."
Voorhis discovered that at least 70 of the Constitutions went to Boston, 25 to "Carolina" and 8 to Pennsylvania. Most of these books were delivered unbound, perhaps accounting for the fact that he could trace only 17 still in existence. The provenance (history) of these 17 were printed in Volume 84, 1971 Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge No. 2176, London.
Following is the list of the Constitutions that Voorhis traced: He said: "I have held in my hands every copy of this book extant. It is a source of no little feeling that, during this investigation, it was my privilege to have my fingers on the very pages which very probably rested in the hands of "the first civilized American," as Philips Russell calls Franklin."
2 United Grand Lodge of England 3 Grand Lodge of Massachusetts 2 Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania 1 Grand Lodge of lowa 1 Grand Lodge of New York I Scottish Rite, NJ., Washington 1 Yale University 1 Huntington Library, San Marino, Ca 1 Alexandria-Washington Lodge #22, Va 1 American Philosophical Library, Pa 1 University of Pennsylvania, Pa 1 Historical Society of Pennsylvania 1 Academy-Borneman copy, finally sold to unknown bidder at auction for $500.00
To this list can be added three more copies. (We welcome information as to other copies.) The Librarian of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts informs me that they now have five copies of the Constitutions. One of them was once the property of the great Masonic historian, Dr. Albert Gallatin Mackey.
The John Carter Brown Library of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, also has a copy of the Constitutions. It was kind enough to send me the following information: "We bought the item from Seven Gables Book Shop in New York in 1962. The correspondence about the books reveals the following: "The pencilled signature of Benjamin Chadbourne, 1851, is that of a man who was a selectman in Hiram, Maine in that year. The Chadbourne family settled early in the Saco River Valley and it is likely that the volume was in their possession in Colonial times. The later, inked signature is that of a merchant and lumberman in Bonny Eagle, a prosperous village on the Saco River in the period 1860-1880 (a part of the town of Standish)."
Anderson died on May 28, 1739, shortly after he had issued the second edition of the Constitutions. He was buried in Bunhill Fields with Masonic services, and this was the earliest known account of a Masonic funeral. It appeared as follows in the London Daily Post on June 2, 1739: "Last night (June 1) was interr'd the corpse of Dr. Anderson, a Dissenting Teacher, in a very remarkable deep Grave. His pall was supported by five Dissenting Teachers, and the Rev. Dr. Desaguliers, it was followed by a dozen of Freemasons who encircled the Grave: and after Dr. Earle had harangued on the Uncertainty of Life &c, without one word of the Deceased, the Brethren, in the most solemn dismal Posture, lifted up their Hands, sigh'd, and struck their aprons three times in Honour to the Deceased."
Source References
Grand Lodge, 1717-1967 Gould's History of Freemasonry Coil's Masonic Encyclopedia
A copy of Anderson's Constitutions is included in The Little Masonic Library, published by the Macoy Publishing and Masonic Supply Company, 3011 Dumbarton Road, Richmond, VA 23228. The five volume set costs $27.50 plus $2.50 for postage. The pictures with this article are from Volume II of Gould 's History of Freemasonry. We thank the publisher, Macoy Publishing and Masonic Supply Company, Inc. for permission to show them.
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The Rise and Development of Freemasonry in Australia (WITH A BRIEF HlSTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE VARIOUS STATES) Part Three of a Three Part Series
by E. R. Castle MPS
Due to the resignation of the Provincial Grand Master, the Deputy Grand Master, who was desirous of the position, took upon himself authority which he did not rightly have. At one stage he attempted to attend a meeting of a Royal Arch Chapter wearing the regalia of Provincial Grand Master. Needless to say he was declined admission. He at one stage threatened to suspend the Lodge of Friendship over some matter of which the members objected. It was therefore proposed at a meeting of the Lodge, that a letter be sent to England, signed by the Master and Wardens complaining of this brother's attitude. A subsequent reply stated that the authority of this Deputy Provincial Grand Master had ceased at the time the Provincial Grand Master had resigned. The brethren therefore ignored any orders put to them by this brother. The trouble was resolved by a new Provincial Grand Master being appointed, but even then peace did not come about, some number of brethren objected to the choice of the new Provincial Grand Master, and resigned in protest.
A Royal Arch Chapter was established, but due to lack of interest, it appeared to have had a short existence.
In 1863 it was brought to the notice of the members, that in the Hospital was an aged seaman, which inquiry had revealed, was a Mason. Money was raised for his return to England. A few years later the Lodge received a beautiful silver chronometer from this Captain who was in command of one of the finest sailing ships that had entered Sydney Harbour. With this gift came a letter, stating that it was sent in appreciation of the kindness shown to him while ill in the Hospital in South Australia, and that the brethren of the Lodge were to do with it, whatever they thought best. It was decided to raffle this gift, an amount of 100 guineas was realised, this sum was placed in the benevolent funds of the Lodge.
In this year the Lodge was renumbered 423, due to the closing up of Lodge numbers by the United Grand Lodge of England. This was brought about by the removal of Lodges in places like America, Canada. etc.
On June 25th, 1864, the brethren had the unique experience of being refused the use of their Lodge-Room on account of the rent not having been paid.
In 1868 it appeared that the Lodge was on a downward grade, members resigned, died, or were struck off the books. and those remaining (except a few) ceased to evince the slightest interest in their Lodge, and allowed it to fall almost into desuetude. The fees for initiation and subscription had fluctuated as the exigencies of time and circumstances demanded, with little beneficial result. The Lodge at this time held its meetings very irregularly, and many instances of insufficient members to open a Lodge are recorded. It was decided that the amalgamation with another Lodge was desirable, and subsequently through a series of negotiations the members of Concord Lodge No. 677 EC and a little later Albert Lodge No. 927 threw in their lot with the Lodge of Friendship. It has been asked why did two, seemingly strong Lodges surrender their identity and become part of an almost dead Lodge, as this was practically the fact. Friendship Lodge had not met for 10 months, and almost to the stage of extinction. Was it that feeling that Friendship Lodge was the source from which Freemasonry in South Australia came into being? Without doubt the infusion of the brethren of these two Lodges, was an act of inestimatiable value, and worthy of the highest praise. So ended the year 1869 in the annals of Freemasonry in South Australia.
In 1870 there is a minute recording that a letter was received from a brother of Robert Burns Lodge No. 25, calling the attention of the brethren to the deplorable condition he was reduced to through depression of trade in his particular line of business, viz-soft goods. He stated that he was well up in the wine trade, (probably a sampler) and asked the Lodge to assist him in starting this all profit line. The Lodge expressed its sympathy with this brother, by lending him the magnificent sum of 1.1 /- pounds to wind up his soft goods business, and establish himself as a wine and spirit merchant. Whether he found this capital insufficient, or whether he squandered it in reckless extravagance. I am unable to say, as his name does not appear again in the minutes. In 1873 the style of Provincial Grand Lodges was changed to that of District Grand Lodges, and greater powers were granted to them.
In 1875 in common with other City Lodges, Friendship Lodge moved to a meeting place at Eagle Chambers, where they remained until 1881. In 1875 the Lodge resumed its annual practice of donating to the Benevolent Fund, which due to its being so poor it had been obliged to discontinue. In 1876 an organ, which is still in use was presented to the Lodge. For the year 1879-80. Bro. Saul Solomon was elected Master. This brother became in 1885-89 President of the Board of General Purpose.
In that year an attempt to secure the amalgamation of the three constitutions in the colony, but the sequel of this was unsuccessful.
During this year, also, the brethren voted the sum of 5.5 /- pounds for the relief of the destitute poor of this City, a very commendable channel for surplus funds. Indeed it is most satisfactory to find, all through the Lodge's history, how readily the brethren responded to the impulses of sympathy and true charity.
For the years 1881, 1882 and 1883 a Bro. Ware was the Master of the Lodge, he was, with our District Grand Master, R.W. Bro. Downer and others largely instrumental in the purchase of the hall in which this Lodge at present holds its meetings.
For the year 1884, Bro. Philip Sansom was the Wor Master, and the most momentous event of his year was the inauguration of the Grand Lodge of South Australia. Before proceeding to give some factual details of this great event, I will just briefly outline the history of Adelaide Lodge No. 341, SC, and Harmony Lodge No. 743-505, E.C. These two Lodges are now Nos. 2 and 3 on the Roll of the Grand Lodge of South Australia.
Adelaide Lodge No. 341 was thought to have been formed on the 1st of February, 1884. A preliminary meeting of the Lodge was held on January 27th, 1844, at the house of Mr. R.A. McEwan in Hindley Street. Present were the following brethren, all M.M.s.
James Frederick, Bennett, Ancient Stirling Lodge No. 30
Robert Andrew McEwan, Greenock St. John's Lodge No. 175
Andrew Birrell, Canongate and Leith. Leith and Canongate Lodge No. 5
David Spencer, Ancient Lodge of St. John's, Melrose No.
Robert Hamilton, St. John's Lodge, Paris.
Charles Augustus Freesly, Lodge of Modesty, Zurich
Carl Otto Haussen, Temple Lodge No. 163, London
Although there are no minutes of this meeting, reliable sources state that towards the end of 1843, Bro. Bennett who had been made a MM in a Scottish Lodge in conjunction with Bros. McEwan and Birrell, projected the idea of a second Lodge to be set up in the Colony, and it to be under the Scottish Constitution, and made an application to Scotland for the needful authority. The project was warmly taken up in Adelaide, and without waiting for a Warrant, a Lodge was opened under the name of Adelaide St. John's Lodge, Bro. Bennett being unanimously elected as Wor. Master. The proceedings carried out by members of the proposed Lodge, appear to have been somewhat irregular, as the following extracts will testify: (Lodge of Friendship minutes)
At a meeting of the Lodge of Friendship, held on January 31st, it was reported that several brethren had attempted to form a Lodge, to be called the Adelaide St. John's Lodge, contrary to the usages of the Craft. A meeting of the Board of General Purposes was held to discuss the matter, and the brethren so illegally acting, were invited to be present. At this meeting, Bro. Bennett. the proposed W.M. of this Lodge stated that according to custom of the Scottish Grand Lodge, it was allowed for five Masons to meet, form a Lodge, and initiate an unlimited number. He had acted upon that custom, and some twenty persons had been initiated. W.Bro. H. Mildred WM of Friendship Lodge, was also Provincial Grand Master of the English Provincial Grand Lodge, that had recently been established, said that the Lodge had been opened without authority and permission should have been obtained from him. Bro. Bennett denied the right of Masons under the English Constitution to interfere with them, and stated that formal application had been made to the Grand Lodge of Scotland, for the needful authority, which was certain to be received at no distant date.
After an amicable discussion, Bro. Milfred stated, that situated as he was, the representative of the Grand Lodge of England, he could not countenance their action and it would be his duty to suppress in every proper way, such proceedings, but as he was satisfied that what had happened had been due to inexperience, he felt justified to propose a way out of the difficulty.
" 1. That they should not initiate any more as before.
2. That, if a petition be presented to this Lodge, a Dispensation would be granted, empowering them to meet.
3. That those who had been previously admitted, should be re-obligated.
4. That the Master should be Installed according to ancient custom, and until a Warrant could be obtained from home, the new Lodge should pay to the Lodge of Friendship Provincial Reserve Fund which was established for building and benevolent purposes, the sum of 1/- per quarter, for every initiate, and 5/ for every joining member.'
The deputation asked for time to consider, and an adjournment was made for four hours. when the Adelaide Lodge returned, and said, that doubting the correctness of their own proceedings, they had agreed to the suggestions of Bro. Mildred and decided to begin 'de novo. Consequently it was resolved "That the brothers present form themselves into a Masonic Lodge, to be called the Adelaide St. John’s Lodge. and application be made to the South Australian Lodge of Friendship to constitute and open the new Lodge, and grant a Dispensation for the brethren to act until such time as the Charter should arrive from the Grand Lodge of Scotland. The Lodge was then called off until the 1st of February, 1844, when the required Petition was presented to the Lodge of Friendship. I will briefly state that the terms as suggested by Bro. Mildred were all carried out, and the Adelaide St. John's Lodge continued as such until their own Warrant arrived from the Grand Lodge of Scotland.
There is one peculiarity about the Adelaide St. John's Lodge, although it ranks as the second Lodge in the Colony, it was in actual fact the 1st Lodge opened in the Colony, the Lodge of Friendship having been consecrated and opened in London.
On February 6th, 1844, in company with members of the Lodge of Friendship, a public ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the new Scottish Church in Grenfell Street was carried out. The South Australian Register of Feb. 7th, carries the following detailed report.
"Laying of Foundation Stone of New Scottish Kirk in Grenfell Street"
Yesterday the citizens of Adelaide witnessed a ceremony which has never before been performed in the Colony, namely - the laying of a foundation stone with Masonic honours. The building, of which the first stone was thus laid, is the Scotch Church, in Grenfell Street, and we trust that the edifice thus commenced under such pleasing, and to us unusual circumstances will prove a credit to the Colony, and a source of good to thousands now living or yet unborn.
The proceedings were commenced by the Adelaide St. John's Lodge (which only a fortnight ago only numbered 5 members) meeting at Mr. Payne's Hotel. The Lodge was then opened and some Masonic ceremonies gone through, of which we were allowed to know nothing.
The brethren then proceeded along Hindley Street in the following order:
Tyler, with drawn sword, Band of Music. Brethren, two and two, Bro Jones. builder, with mallet, Deacons - Bros. Calder and Young, Secretary. Bro. R.G. Thomas, Bro. Spence Treasurer, with staff. Chaplain in Canonicals, Bro. The Rev. R. Haining. Counsel. Bro. Wotherspoon in gown and bands, Masonic Visitors. J . W. Bro. McEwen, with plumb. Stewards - Bros. Greig and Auld, with white wands. S.W. Bro. Birrell, with level, Bro. Hamilton, carrying the square, Bro. John Auld, carrying the Bible, with square and compass. Bro. Hausse, Sword Bearer. R.W.M. Bro.J.F. Bennett, Stewards. Bros. Richmond and McDougall, Tyler, Bro. Fuseli, with drawn sword.
In this manner the procession proceeded along Hindley Street, the band playing favourite and Scotch airs, until it arrived at the Provincial Lodge Room at the Shakespeare. Here it was joined by the brethren of the South Australian Lodge of Friendship No. 613. who formed the following order in the rear of St. John's Lodge:
Visiting brethren - two and two, Brothers of the Lodge, two and two. The Wardens of the Lodge - Bros: J.G. Nash and W.G. Lambert. The V.S.L. borne by Bro. Richards. The Book of Constitutions, borne by Bro. W. Grey. Provincial Grand Master’s Standard, borne by Bro. O. Lines. Inner Guard, Bro. F. Wicksteed. J.D. Bro. E.W. Andrews. S.D. Bro. B.A. Kent. Provincial Grand Master, Henry Mildred. The Tyler of Provincial Grand Lodge, with drawn sword.
The procession then moved along Currie Street, until near the site of the Church when it parted, the brethren opened up, and the order of procession was reversed, those that had been last, walking up the centre and taking the lead. A circle was then formed round the stone by the brethren of the South Australian Lodge of Friendship and of the Adelaide St. John's, along with their officers in the centre. A brief statement was then made by Mr. Wotherspoon as to the gift, and by Mr. Edward Stephens of the land on which the church was about to be erected. Afterwards the following beautiful and appropriate anthem was sung by the brethren and others present:
To Heaven's High Architect all praise - All praise, all gratitude be given: Who deigned the human soul to raise. By mystic secrets sprung from Heaven.
- Chorus
Sound aloud the Great Jehovah's praise, To Him, the dome, the temple raise.
The Chaplain, the Rev. Mr. Haining, then offered up a prayer appropriate to the occasion, after which a plate and a bottle containing the newspapers of the day, and several coins of the present realm were deposited in the stone.
The stone having been raised by machinery, cement was laid on, and it was lowered to its bed. The Provincial Grand Master Mildred, having proved it by the various tools, it was declared duly laid, and the blessing of the Great Architect above was invoked on the work which thus been begun.
The procession then returned to Mr. Payne's in the same order as before.
**The tablet attached to the stone, has since come to light, it was unearthed in 1893 by the workmen engaged in taking out the foundations for the buildings now known as Cowra Chambers, Grenfell Street, the site of the church. It consisted of a leaden plate, about a foot square, and bears the following inscription:
To the Worship of God, According to the doctrine and discipline of the Church of Scotland, This House is dedicated.
2nd of February, 1844. Rev. Robert Haining. Minister.
A.L. Elder, Treasurer, General Purposes Fund
J. Wotherspoon, Treasurer, Building Fund
G. Young, Secretary
"The Dinner"
The Lodges afterwards dined together in Payne's, along with several other gentlemen who had been present at the ceremony. In all 60 persons set down to dine. Many loyal and patriotic toasts were drunk, and the evening was spent in great conviviality by all. In those days candidates who wished to progress to the 2nd and 3rd degrees had to make formal application. Several such applications were announced at this meeting.
Sometime in June, 1844, it would appear that some friction had arisen between Adelaide St. John's and Friendship Lodges. It appeared to be over condition 4 of the dispensation granted to Adelaide St. John's Lodge to function. Although members of Adelaide St. John's had been present at the Friendship meeting when the conditions were drawn up and agreed upon. (The question of fees payable). The conditions, although, on minutes of Friendship Lodge, were not so recorded on minutes of St. John's Lodge. It is difficult to see how these, or in question clause 4, relating to fees could be repudiated, but repudiated they were.
Considerable correspondence was ensued between the two Lodges. Eventually, the St. John's Lodge wrote to the Provincial Grand Master, English Constitution in Sydney, for a dispensation, to regulise what they deemed an irregular position they found themselves in.
Whether or not Bro. Mildred who was Master of Friendship Lodge, and had been appointed Provincial Grand Master of the English Lodges in South Australia. (He did not receive his Patent of office until 1848.) Until such times as it actually arrived, he only had, an ordinary Lodge Warrant. There is no doubt that he acted in all sincerity, but whether he had that authority in dealing with a Lodge under the Grand Lodge of Scotland is a different matter, even though members of the proposed Lodge were acting somewhat irregularly. These sort of situations have happened many times in most areas of the world, and if we accept the true spirit of brotherly love and harmony, these irregularities and technical difficulties can be smoothed over.
The outcome was that a Warrant was sent to the Adelaide St. John's Lodge by the English Provincial Grand Lodge in Sydney. The differences, however, between St. John's and Friendship Lodges was of quite a long standing. Eventually it is pleasing to note that the olive branch was extended by St. John's Lodge, which was taken up, and since that time brotherly love and harmony has existed between the two Lodges.
Visiting was rather restricted in those days, Brethren were not allowed to visit any one Lodge more than three times without written permission from the Master.
A very liberal view was taken for finding recalcitrant brethren. For making known to the outside world any business transacted in the Lodge, a fine of 1/- was imposed for each offence. For using profane or improper language in the Lodge, 1/-, for disobeying the Master or Officers, the fines ranged from 1/- -2/6. Being in a state of inebrity in the Lodge, 2/6. Talking during the reading of the minutes. 6d. It seems strange that in such an Order as ours, that such orders were made necessary.
The Charter from the Grand Lodge of Scotland arrived early in 1845. During that year 33 meetings were held.
During 1847 it appears that Bro. Bennett was again elected Master, it states in the minutes, for some reason not explained that Bro. Bennett seems to have lost his Masonic enthusiasm, for he was more absent then present, and on October 22nd, appears the following minute:
"That the Secretary be requested to write to the RW. Master, that several members of the Lodge have joined the English Lodges - (Friendship and Harmony) as joining members, because of the non-attendence of the superior officer of this Lodge, without whom, or one duly qualified, no business can be done, and therefore, in the future it is requested that if the R.W. Master can not attend, he appoints a qualified brother to act for him, so that the business of the Lodge be not retarded."
This motion seems to have had the desired effect, for it does not appear that he was absent for the remainder of the year.
At a meeting of October 14, 1856, a candidate was admitted who was found to have been imbibing "not wisely, and too well," and he was accordingly sent back, and the Tyler, (a well-known identity) called in and reprimanded. Later in the evening he was found to be "very much more fit to undergo the ceremony," and he was initiated. The Tyler's services, however, were very properly dispensed forthwith. At one meeting, February, 1857, a brother notified the Lodge, that he would be glad to receive a loan from the funds of the Lodge should his proposition be favourably received, and he himself gave notice of motion that next Lodge night he would move. "That a loan from the funds of the Lodge be negotiated on such conditions as the brethren may harmoniously determine."
This motion was duly discussed and carried, and the brother received 120 pounds on a second mortgage on his property at Queenstown. A very harmonious determination. Our early brethren were certainly not afraid of work, for the records show that frequently, that the three Degrees were worked at one meeting. There was one peculiarity about them, and it appeared with conspicuous regularity; The Third Degree was never attempted before the Lodge had "Called Off" for a few minutes' reflection or "refreshment." In every instance, the Lodge was "called off" for five or ten minutes, which induces the reflection that the interval must have been of a highly stimulating character.
On June 24th, 1868, the Lodge authorised the formation of a Lodge of Instruction. A minute of November 29th, 1869, resolved that the Lodge of Instruction be wound up. In June, 1869, a peculiar incident took place. Two ballots were taken, with the result that both candidates were rejected. An overzealous brother objected to the way that the ballot was taken, on the grounds that the brethren were not made acquainted with the condition that 'white' was for, and 'black' against. The ballot was taken again, with the same result (both rejected). One would have concluded that the matter was now settled; not so. however, for the question next put was; "Were all the brethren present, and voting, good on the books?" This was a poser, and the Lodge decided to "call-off' for a few minutes. On resuming labour, the Wor. Master announced that, in consequence of one brother being in arrears (the amount was not stated) he declared the previous ballots null and void. The ballot was then taken for the third time, and both candidates were for the third time rejected. There should be no doubt about that ballot. The Grand Officers spoke in high terms of the manner in which the duties of the Lodge are carried out by the Worshipful Master and Officers, and stated that it was gratifying to the Grand Lodge to know that the duties were carried out so satisfactorily.
On October 12th, 1880 a letter was received from the Gaelic Lodge. Glasgowm asking assistance to enable them to keep up their Lodge, and to initiate persons in the Gaelic tongue. It was resolved to acknowledge the letter, and reply that, on account of building a hall, and the constant relieving of the distressed Masons, they were unable to contribute toward the object stated in the letter.
In 1881 saw the laving of the foundation stone of the Masonic Hall at Port Adelaide. The ceremony was carried out by the Provincial Grand Master of the Scottish Constitution. RW. Bro. H.C.E. Muecke who has done a great deal of work, for the Scottish Masonry in South Australia. There were present at the ceremony the Mayor of Adelaide, the District Grand Masters of the English and Irish Districts. On May 4th, 1882, the Concordia Lodge was consecrated. This Lodge No. 679 SC. worked in German, as the majority of its members were of German extraction. The meeting of Adelaide Lodge held on 11th December, 1883, was the last held, until it met in May 1884, as a constituent Lodge of the Grand Lodge of South Australia.
Harmony Lodge No. 743 (505) EC.
This was the second English Lodge to work in South Australia, and the third Lodge to come into existence.
Unfortunately the Minutes 1844/57 were destroyed by fire, although some of what happened during those years can be extracted from the minutes of the Lodge of Friendship. Its erection ran very close to that of the Adelaide St. John's lodge being only eight days afterwards.
The first Master was Bro. E.W. Andrews, senior partner of the firm, Andrews, Thomas and Clark. (all old colonists and all deceased). Born at Walworth, Surrey, England, 1813. Arrived Adelaide in 1839. Was engaged in merchantile pursuits until 1850. In 1853 he became one of the proprietors of the S.A. Register, and, until his death in 1877, he was very active in the work of the city, and at one time was Mayor.
The Warrant of the Lodge had been issued by the Grand lodge in London, but due to some misfortune did not arrive, it was presumably lost at sea. For some time the Lodge worked under a dispensation granted by its parent Lodge, the lodge of Friendship.
The year 1851 was one of great trouble for the Colony, due to the newly opened gold fields in Victoria. As a result of these, membership of this Lodge, as in the case of the other Lodges, suffered. As recorded in Bro. Worsnop's 'History of Adelaide,' it says - 'Every one who could leave the place, went away. Shops were shut up, and 'gone to the diggings' was the announcement frequently seen on the shutters of the abandoned places of trade. It is estimated that somewhere 16,000 persons left the colony. Everything came to a standstill, and trade was paralysed.'
It is interesting to note that in those days, Lodges met on nights 'of, or before full moon.' Transport other than by horseback, was the usual means of travel in those days, very few brethren had motor cars.
During the year 1859, it was bluntly resolved 'That no money be voted to the Amella fund, as the Treasurer reported that he had no funds and that the Lodge was in debt'. The fund was raised to relieve sufferers from the wreck of the inter-colonial s.s. Amella off Guichen Bay on the South East coast.
The 13th of Feb., 1862 was a red letter day for the Lodge, for on that date was initiated Mr. (now Right Hon., Sir) Samuel James Way, who destined to become the first Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of South Australia.
In 1864 an Entered Apprentice from New Zealand (Bro. S.H. Jaffa) not having his clearance certificate sent from there after repeated applications, asked the Lodge to initiate him, which was done on October 10th. Bro. Jaffa then applied to the Grand Lodge of England for an order for the New Zealand Lodge to return part of the initiation fee, - but the Grand Lodge, while reprimanding the New Zealand Lodge for not replying to Bro. Jaffa's letters, but declined to make an order, re return part of his initiation fees. Bro. Jaffa was afterwards, supervisor of the lodge of instruction and W. Master of Friendship Lodge in 1871.
P.M. Bro. P. Wells of Friendship Lodge gave a most interesting lecture on 'The Interior of a Master Masons' Lodge' in a most interesting, able, eloquent and instructive manner, as the minutes record.
The Percy Encampment KT No. 57 E.C., was named after PM Bro. Percy Wells, and Bro. A. Wells (architect) who was initiated on April 12, 1892 is his son.
The following minute is dated August 7th, 1865. The Wor. Master reports that the Committee had commissioned Mr. Holmes to paint him a set of Tracing Boards on canvas, for which they had agreed to pay him 15 pounds, the frames for which Bro. A.J. Solomon had promised to allow his workmen to make without charge. And on October 2nd (carried unanimously) That the best thanks of the Lodge, be presented to Bro. A.J. Solomon for his very valuable services, not only giving the artist's time, but also in personally directing the preparation of the very artistic set of Tracing Boards.
The late lamented Bro. A.J. Solomon died in February, 1889. His son Henry who was initiated at the age of 19 on April 12th, 1881, and was Wor. Master, 1893-94 is the only case in this Lodge of a Lewis being initiated by Dispensation under the age of 21 years.
For 1866, Bro. P. Dakers was Wor. Master. Bro. Dr. Whittell was appointed Director of Ceremonies. At the February 26th meeting Dr. Bro. Whittell gave his promised lecture to the Lodge on the Tracing Board of the 1st Degree, which he rendered in his usual clear and impressive style. He was rewarded with the undivided attention of the brethren, whose attention was completely absorbed into his remarks. A vote of hearty thanks at its conclusion was extended to him.
At the May meeting, the Wor Master gave an impressive explanation of the 2nd Tracing Board to a newly made Fellowcraft.
Bro. Henry Hill was thanked for providing a van and four horses to convey the brethren to a meeting of Adelaide St. John's Lodge which was now meeting at Port Adelaide.
For 1867, Bro. Dakers was again elected Master. This brother was a very good Master and subsequently went to England. He returned to Adelaide again in 1890. His Masonic activities in England extended into many sections of Freemasonry, and are listed as follows
Founder and Past Master of Royal Leopald Lodge, No. 1669; Founder and Paster Master Kintore Lodge of Mark Master Masons, No. 333; Past 1st Principal of Macdonald Chapter, No. 1216; Member of the Colonial Board at the Grand Lodge of England, 1870-71; Past Provincial Grand Master Overseer of Mark Masonry; Life Governor of the Royal Masonic Institute for Girls; Life Governor for the Royal Masonic Institute for Boys; Life Governor of the Royal Masonic Benevolent Institution for Aged Masons; Steward of the Girls' Centenary Anniversary in June, 1888, at which meeting the Institution benefited by 30,000 pounds, collected by the Stewards.
Since his return to South Australia, he was Senior Grand Warden in 1894, and for some years Grand Inspector of Lodges, in which capacity he frequently visited the different Lodges of the Colony, who thus obtained the benefit of his wide and matured Masonic experience. It is a pleasure and an honour for Harmony Lodge to have had a brother who, initiated into the Lodge 37 years previously, had until his death in July 1899, had maintained a consistent and energetic Masonic life.
At a meeting held on the 3rd, February, 1868, an admonition was given to a number of brethren who had left the Lodge Room during an initiation ceremony. Such an irregularity is unheard of in our generation.
In 1872 the City Corporation asked 120 pounds per annum for use of rooms at the Town Hall, and the newly erected Oddfellows Hall in Franklon Street was offered for 10 pounds. Owing to the vast difference in rental, the latter offer was accepted. Meetings were held there for over two years.
In 1873 only one initiation took place, than of Mr. Samuel Gason, who was an expert aboriginal longuist, and the author of a valuable work on 'The Dieyerie Tribe' of Australian aboriginals, published by the Government in 1874. He died on April 11th, 1897. An account of his life appeared in the Register on April 16th, 1897. It is also interesting to note that a street in Alice Springs (Northern Territory) is named after him.
At a meeting in 1876, eleven brethren were nominated for the office of Wor Master. Bro. Speed who had formerly been secretary to the Lodge of Instruction, was elected. The Master who was installed in 1879 reigned for 3 1/2 years, (permitted by dispensation). That he ruled the Lodge with firmness is illustrated by the facts that on one occasion he 'dilated on the necessity of all officers attending to their duties,' on another 'said he was sorry he could not compliment Bros...and...on the manner they had answered the questions, and in future, for the benefit of those brothers who might propose members he would not pass candidates who could not give the proper answers to the necessary questions,' and at other meetings requested the Secretary to read the Sixth ancient Charge upon behaviour in the Lodge.
In 1882, a motion, to set a small plate, into the north wall of the Lodge, bearing the names of the founders of the Lodge was lost.
In 1884, the Senior Warden of the Lodge, Bro. Bullock, made a gift to the Lodge of a set of officers collars and gauntlets.
This was the last meeting before the inauguration of the Grand Lodge of South Australia.
Provincial Grand Lodge
In the records available to me, it is stated that Provincial Grand Lodges existed in South Australia under the English, Irish and Scottish Constitutions. Unfortunately, only records of the English Provincial Grand Lodge have come to light, and the following are the most interesting deliberations of that Provincial Grand Lodge. Bro. H. Mildred's patent of office which had been requested at the end of 1844, came to hand in 1848 some three years and four months later.
At a meeting dated 29th, March, 1848, a special convocation of Installed Masters was held. Present were - Wor. Bros:
Henry Mildred, PM, Friendship Lodge. No. 613. James George, Nash. Friendship Lodge, Benjamin Archer, Kent, Friendship Lodge, Edward William Andrews, WM. Harmony Lo', Frederick Wickstead, WM. Lodge of Friendship No 613.
The provincial Conclave was declared open in form.
W. Bro. Henry Mildred, P.M. announced his having received from the Grand Lodge of England, documents, which he produced, appointing him Provincial Grand Master for South Australia. He therefore requested the Worshipful Brothers present to witness and record his Installation. This was signed by the four brethren above-named. The Provincial Grand Master then appointed the following officers for the Province:
W.Bro. G.S. Kingston, Deputy Provincial Grand Master. W.Bro. B.A.Kent, Provincial Grand Senior Warden. W.Bro. J.G. Nash, Provincial Grand Junior Warden. W.Bro. M. MacDermott, Provincial Grand Treasurer. W.Bro. E.W. Andrews, Provincial Grand Secretary. W.Bro. F. Wicksteed, Provincial Senior Grand Deacon. W.Bro. C.J. Fox-Campbell, Provincial Junior Grand Deacon.
The Provincial Grand Master then authorised the convening of a Provincial Grand Lodge meeting on the 12th of April for the purpose of investing other officers of the Provincial Grand Lodge who were not then present.
At this above meeting a letter from the Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of England setting out the relations between English and Scottish Lodges.
Meeting held on 11th of December, 1848. Petition was read to Provincial Grand Lodge for the formation of United Tradesmen lodge. The Provincial Grand Master stated that he had been pleased to accede to the petition, and the Master-Elect Bro. Lazar was presented and introduced. The Provincial Grand Lodge was then opened in the Second and Third Degrees, and after all below rank of Installed Master had retired Bro. Lazar was inducted into the secrets of the Master's chair. The Lodge was then re-opened in the Third Degree and the new Master saluted. The Provincial Grand Lodge was then closed in the third and second degrees and the Dispensation handed to the new Master. He then appointed his officers.
The next meeting of Provincial Grand Lodge was not held until 25th of May, 1850, some eighteen months later. The Provincial Grand Master submitted the proposal that a Masonic Annuity Fund be set up, and the consideration of the brethren requested. The following resolutions were put:
1. That a committee consisting of WM, PMs and present Wardens and Secretary of each Lodge, be appointed for the purpose of framing rules.
2. That the report of the committee be brought up 12:00 noon, on the day of the Festival of St. John the Baptist. (June 24th)
But whether this was actually done is not apparent from the records, which show that the next meeting was not held until the following January.
Meeting held January 17, 1851. The Provincial Grand Master had before him correspondence with a Lodge at Kooringa, from which it appeared that he had refused to sanction to the election to the Chair of Bro. Chambers, on the grounds that he had not served the office of Warden for a full year, and that there were two Past Masters in the Lodge. The Lodge on this had explained, that, for certain reasons those brothers could not act, and proceeded to elect Bro. Chambers, determining that in the event of the Prov. Grand Master refusing to sanction his appointment, an appeal should be made to the Grand Lodge of England.
The Prov. Grand Master stated that he was satisfied with the reasons assigned for the election of Bro. Chamber, but pointed out the error the Lodge had committed in not having stated them at first, and the further mistake it had committed in threatening to appeal to England. It was unanimously resolved by the Prov. Grand Lodge, that the offensive portion of the letter containing the threat of an appeal to the Grand Lodge of England ought to be expunged from the minutebook of the said Lodge, and on the receipt of a letter certifying that it had been so expunged, the Provincial Grand Master be advised, under the peculiar circumstances in which this Lodge is placed, to grant a Dispensation authorising the election of Bro. Chambers to the Chair.
It was decided that as from this meeting, Provincial Grand Lodge should meet quarterly. Dispensation for the formation of Unity Lodge was granted, and the Lodge and its officers duly appointed.
At a meeting of April, 1851, it was resolved to comply with the wish of the German and British Hospital committee, for the Craft to assist with the laying of the first stone. The Provincial Grand Master intimated his willingness for all the assistance possible to be given. The S.A. Register had the following article - 'The German and British Hospital' The ceremony of laying the foundation stone of this excellent devised and much desired institution took place on Saturday last, being the Queen's birthday, under circumstances so impressive and gratifying, as to leave little doubt, that the work, well begun, will be followed up in the same good spirit by all classes who were present on that occasion, or had contributed to the laudable undertaking. (The Register gives some 4 pages of the proceedings.)
At a meeting held in July, 1851, Bro. Mildred being in the chair, it was resolved that a committee be appointed to consider the conduct of the Provincial Grand Master towards the Deputy Provincial Grand Master (Bro. Kingston) and the conduct of the Deputy Grand Master towards the Provincial Grand Master, both before, and after the letter of resignation of the Deputy Provincial Grand Master, with full power to examine witnesses, and to take such other measures in the premises as the circumstances of the case may require, and report thereon to the Provincial Grand Lo'. This was carried. Nemine contradicente.
Apparently the next meeting of Prov. Grand Lodge lapsed, for the next meeting was not held till January, 1852.
At this meeting the Deputy Provincial Grand Master - Bro. G.S. Kinsgton was in the chair. The Prov Grand Secretary, Bro. E.W. Andrews reported that the Prov Grand Master had left the colony, and had, he believed, the Warrant of the lodge of Friendship in his possession. The Deputy Provincial Grand Master directed the Prov Grand Secretary to prepare a letter, authorising the Junior Warden of that Lodge, who was acting as Master, to hold the necessary meetings for the present meetings without the Warrant.
At the next meeting in June, it was unanimously resolved, that, the report of the committee appointed to examine the differences between its two senior officers be adopted, and, a copy of that said report be sent to England. What was in that report is not stated. It was further resolved that the Grand Lodge of England be made acquainted with the State in which the Provincial Grand Lodge had been placed by the Prov Grand Master, that the Grand Lodge of England be requested to remove the Provincial Grand Master, and that recommendation be made of some brother to fill the office of Prov Grand Master.
At the next meeting held in September, 1851, it was resolved that the name of the Deputy Prov Grand Master - G.S. Kingston, be submitted to the Grand Lodge of England for appointment as Prov Grand Master.
At a meeting March, 1853, a letter from Fidelity Lodge was read, stating that this Lodge declined to recognise the Prov Grand Lodge under its present circumstances, also a letter from the same Lodge, requesting leave to remove its place of meeting. It was resolved that the Prov Secretary write, saying 'that no notice can be taken of the application. while the Lodge of Fidelity refuses to acknowledge the Provincial Grand Lodge.'
The above, after all, seems to be the only reasonable answer the Fidelity brethren could expect, unless they hailed from the Emerald Isle.
At a meeting held the 8th of February, 1854, presided over by the Deputy Prov Grand Master, Bro. G.S. Kingston. Bro. (Dr) Henry Chambers reported having seen Bro. White, (Grand Secretary, of the Grand Lodge of England) who stared that the Earl of Zetland would recommend Bro. Mildred to resign his office of Prov Grand Master, and Bro. White said it would not be judicious that the Acting Prov Grand Master should be appointed, although the memoranda sent home quite cleared the Acting Prov Grand Master from the charges made by the Prov Grand Master. Bro. Chambers having been requested to name some brother for the office mentioned, RW Bro. DI A.B. Kent as the next in seniority. Bro. White said a letter had been written to Bro. Mildred, requesting him to resign. Bro. Chambers also reported having seen Bro. Mildred, who stated that he hoped that the differences might be arranged; that Bro. Chambers explained, was impossible, and that Bro. White had intimated that if Bro. Mildred did not resign he would probably be removed. A unanimous vote of thanks was passed to Bro. Chambers for the trouble he had taken in conducting the affairs of the Prov Grand Lodge while in England. It was then resolved, that Bro. Mildred be respectfully requested by the Provincial Grand Lodge to resign his appointment of Prov Grand Master, he having lost the confidence of the Craft, at the same time acknowledging the services had (in some respects) received from him, up to the time of the late differences. At a subsequent meeting of Prov Grand Lodge, Bro. Dr. Kent moved that the words 'in some respects' be omitted. Carried.
At a meeting held on November, 1854, Bro. Dr. A.B. Kent was installed as Provincial Grand Master by Bros. Kingston and Lazar. The new Prov Grand Master was handed his Patent of Office. He in turn appointed Bro. Lazar as Deputy Prov Grand Master. Other officers of the Prov Grand Lodge were appointed.
A beautiful jewel of Past Office, and a handsome gold watch was presented to Bro. Kingston as a mark of appreciation of the many services he had done for the Craft in general. The Prov Grand Lodge having been closed, the Prov Grand Master, preceeded the brethren to a service held at Trinity Church.
On the 23rd of December of the same year, the Prov Grand Master departed for England, and the brethren accompanied him to the steamboat 'Antelope.' The warrant and care of the Prov Grand Lodge having been entrusted to the care of the Deputy Prov Grand Master, Bro. Lazar.
A long and interesting account of the departure gathering of Masons to farewell Dr. Kent on his journey to the Mother Country, appeared in the S.A. Register. At a meeting held July 3rd, 1855, the following resolution is found recorded - 'That the presence of former Past P.B.M. Mildred would not conduce to the harmony of this Prov Grand Lodge, and a copy of this resolution be sent to him' Carried.
It would seem from reading the reports of several meetings of Provincial Grand Lodge, that the minutes of the various Lodges were read and put for confirmation. A minute of January 14th, 1856 states that Dispensation from England had been received to issue a Provincial Warrant to the Lodge of Truth. Also the Deputy Grand Master directed that an entry be made, that if the Lodge of Fidelity failed to make their returns immediately, the Lodge be suspended.
The minutes also read that the Deputy Grand Master also stated that he written to the Provincial Grand Lodges of New South Wales and Victoria, advising them of the un-Masonic conduct of Bro. Wing, late Provincial Tyler, who had abscended.
At a meeting held March 2nd, 1858, the Provincial Grand Master expressed his appreciation of the work that the Deputy Prov Grand Master had done during his absence and a vote of thanks be recorded in the minutes.
At a meeting of Provincial Grand Lodge held on 18th of April, 1860, presided over by the Deputy Prov Grand Master. There were in attendance 50 brethren. The business being the Installing the Provincial Grand Master of the Irish Constitution. The Provincial Grand Lodge was duly consecrated and dedicated in ancient form Bro. John Tuthill Bagot being appointed as first Prov Grand Master. The officers of his Prov Grand Lodge were duly obligated and invested. The S.A. Register gives a long and interesting account of the ceremony, which is not set oue in this present paper.
A meeting of Prov Grand Lodge held May 15th, 1863, was to consecrate and open the Macdonnell Lodge. D.P.G.M Lazar presided over a large gathering of 60 brethren, including His Excellency Sir R.G. Macdonnell; the Prov, and Deputy Grand Masters of the Irish Constitution. The Deputy Grand Master (Bro. Lazar) assisted by His Excellency Sir R.G. Macdonnell consecrated the Lodge, and the same was dedicated according to ancient rites. The first Master W.Bro. W.A. Hughes was then installed. An advertisement in the S.A. Register stares that 'an omnibus will leave this evening for town immediately after the banquet.'
Three more meetings of Prov Grand Lodge were held that year, but nothing of importance, except a protest was handed in, and read from past and present Prov Grand Officers, that as Prov. Grand Master Kent had resigned, there was no Prov Grand Lodge. nor any authority to hold one. (Lodge of Friendship's minutes, 1861) The Deputy Prov Grand Master said that he had received no information as to the acceptance of Bro. Kent's resignation of office, but, had received letters by the last mail from England from the Grand Secretary, in which he was still addressed as Deputy Prov Grand Master. It was unanimously resolved that the protest be not received, or entertained and the Prov GL proceeded to business. The protest was therefore accordingly returned, endorsed, as per resolution.
It was resolved in view of Bro. Kent's resignation, the name of Bro. E.C. Gwynne be forwarded to the MW Grand Master, with a suggestion that he appointed in Bro. Kent's place.
Bro. Aylwin, a zealous brother, who had evidently issued a printed circular with regards to the Rituals, had the following resolution passed against him, - 'That the circulation of printed or written circulars, as just read, (no record is given) without authority, is altogether incorrect, and un-Masonic, and Bro. Aylwin to be informed thereof, and that he has laid himself open to the censure of the Provincial Grand Lodge.'
It was not until a meeting five months later in May, that Bro. A. Hardy was appointed as Prov Grand Master. At this meeting were present - Past P.G.M. Henry Mildred, and Past Deputy Prov Grand Master J. Lazar. The Minutes state that the Lodge was opened in the 'Third' degree. The installation was carried out by Bro. H. Mildred. A protest was entered at the appointment of Bro. Price as Prov Grand Secretary. The Provincial Grand Master stated that the memorial brought no charge against Bro. Price, but if any of the brethren preferred a charge against this brother, he would postpone his investments until it had been entered into. Apparently the objectors were not prepared to proceed in the matter, as the Prov Grand Secretary was appointed and invested there and then.
It is obvious that the regime of Bro. Hardy's early days as Provincial Grand Master, were anything but peaceful, as will be envinced by the following notices of motion
1. By Bro. E.W. Andrews- 'That a committee of five be appointed to endeavour to heal the differences, which, unfortunately, exist between various members of the Craft.'
2. By Bro. G. Leon. 'That at the meeting of the Provincial Grand Lodge, he intends to ask the RW Prov Grand Master, whether the Initiation which took place at the Lodge of Friendship, the evening after his Installation as Prov Grand Master, at which he was present, was performed contrary to the form heretofore practised in this Colony.'
3. By Bro. G. Leon. 'That a committee of Provincial Grand Lodge be appointed to draw up a petition to the Grand Master, the Earl of Zetland, praying His Lordship to order copies of all correspondence relating to the resignation of the late PGM (Bro. Kent), and the appointment of Bro. A.G. Freeling, and subsequently of Bro. A. Hardy, to the said office, to be forwarded to this Provincial Grand Lodge.'
After the meeting was opened, the Prov Grand Master read a letter he had received from the Grand Secretary in England, confirming his appointment, also a copy of a letter, the original of which was sent by the Grand Secretary to Bro. Hughes, in reply to memorial to the Board of General Purposes to reconsider the appointment of the present Prov Grand Master. The answer being that the appointment was confirmed, and no reason could be seen that any change should be made.
Bro. Andrews, then introduced the motion standing in his name, the minutes record that there was a lot of irregular discussion, and several members were called to order by the Prov Grand Master. Various amendments were made, but of such a nature to be equivalent to the notices of motion, which the Provincial Grand Master refused to be printed on the circulars. The motion was put and lost by 22 to 11. Bro. Leon then withdrew the two motions standing in his name.
In 1862 it was unanimously resolved to bring into operation the Benevolent Fund as projected in 1858.
In 1863 a letter was sent to the former Deputy Prov Grand Master wishing him the good wishes of the Province being that he was leaving the Colony. The letter went on to say how much his untiring work in the colony had been appreciated by this Provincial Grand Lodge. A letter was also read from the Excellent 1st Principal of the R.A. Chapter that Bro. Lazar was a member. Bro. Lazar eventually became District Grand Master, Westland, New Zealand. He died in 1879.
January 8th, 1865. The following resolutions were passed.
1. That a committee of seven be appointed to revise the Benevolent Fund Rules, with a view to their simplification.
2. That the following be the committee - The Prov G.SW-RW. Bro. C.S. Poole; Prov Grand Treasurer - VW. Bro. G. Leon; Prov G Secty-VW. Bro. W. Wadham- WM. Bro. J.T. Sagar; PM-Bro. H.T. Whittell and Bro. Crawford.
3. That this Provincial Grand Lodge is of the opinion that, a uniform mode of working should henceforth be adopted in the various lodges held in the Province.
4. That the Prov Grand Master should summon a meeting of the Worshipful Masters and past Masters at an early date in order to decide upon which is the correct mode of working, and in what manner such working be carried out. (After discussion, this motion was withdrawn)
5. That, in the opinion of this Prov Grand Lodge, it is very desirable that the Craft should possess a suitable hall for the meetings of the various Lodges in South Australia.
6. That a committee consisting of the Worshipful Masters of the various Lodges in South Australia be, and hereby appointed to ascertain the measure of support such an undertaking would receive from the members of the Fraternity: to seek a suitable site for the building, and to report upon the details at the next meeting of Provincial Grand Lodge.
A petition by Bro. Whittell was then presented, and in so doing said - Petition in the name of H.T. Whittell PM. Lodge of Harmony No.505. That the following be forwarded to the Grand Lodge in London, and that the Worshipful Prov Grand Secretary, be requested to take charge of the same, and to attend Grand Lodge, and endeavour, be resolution or otherwise, obtain adoption of its prayer.
(Bro. Wadham, Provincial Grand Secretary was intending to go to England, and it was thought opportune that this petition be taken with him personally.)
Petition
The District Grand Lodge of South Australia assembled at a meeting on 8th, January, 1864, respectfully represents to the MW. Grand Master, and the United Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of England:
1st - That experience in South Australia has shown that the regulations in the Book of Constitutions relating to Provincial Grand Master and District Grand Lodges are not adapted to the requirements of a colony, which is far distant from the central government of the Craft.
2nd - That according to the interpretation of the law by the RW Provincial Grand Master of this Province, this District Grand Lodge has no authority, such as emanates from the Provincial Grand Master, that it cannot meet except by his sanction, that it has no powers to fix the times for holding its meetings, that it ceases to exist on his death or resignation, that it cannot control its mode of working in the Lodges, or enforce uniformity; that it cannot hear or determine Masonic complaints; and that the sole authority to decide in these and other subjects lies with the Provincial Grand Master, against whose decision there is no appeal, except to the Grand Lodge of England.
3rd - That owing to the distance of this colony from Great Britain, an appeal to Grand Lodge is attended with difficulties and delays which prevent the decision of the Grand Lodge being obtained upon many questions on which differences of opinion may arise, and that this District Grand Lodge is thereby virtually deprived of the advantages and protection afforded by the quarterly communications of Grand Lodge.
4th - That the appointment of Provincial Grand Master is the prerogative of the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, but owing to the Grand Master being dependent upon the report of others as to the qualification of the brother whom he appoints, there is a great risk that the brother so appointed may not be possessed of that eminence or ability which the Constitutions require, and, that as a consequence, he may not enjoy the confidence of the Craft, and may be unfit to exercise the powers, taking a firm stand on his prerogative, he may claim under the present Constitutions.
5th - That it is reasonable to suppose, that important questions will be more correctly and satisfactorily adjusted by the District Grand Lodge (composed as it is of Masters, Past Masters and Principal Officers of Lodges) than by any one brother, however well skilled or impartial.
6th - That the Provincial Grand Lodge of South Australia has to work side by side and to compete in zealous rivalry with the Provincial Grand Lodges of Ireland and Scotland, and that, the Constitutions of Ireland and Scotland enable their Provincial Grand Lodges to extend a more direct control over their local interests than is permitted by the Constitutions of England, and that, as a consequence, this Provincial Grand Lodge is placed in an unfavourable position for promoting the interests of English Masonry in this Colony.
7th - That the Grand Lodge has already delegated to District Grand Lodges the highest judicial powers with which any subordinate authority can be entrusted - viz - that of expelling Masons and erasing Lodges; and that the exercise of those powers necessarily involves that of hearing the complaints that may lead to their being enforced ought to admit that of inflicting any less severe penalty which in the judgment of the Lodge, may meet the requirements of the case.
This Provincial Grand Lodge therefore, petitions the Grand Lodge of England, and prays that Provincial Grand Lodges be assimilated in their functions to the Grand Lodge, that they shall not cease to exist on the death or resignation of the Provincial Grand Master, and they shall have the power of investigating, regulating and deciding all matters relative to the Craft or particular Lodges, or to individual brothers, within their respective districts, which they may exercise either of themselves or by such delegated authority as in their wisdom or discretion they may appoint. Their decisions in all cases be regulated by the Book of Constitutions, and subject to an appeal to Grand Lodge.
Bro. J.T. Sagar, PM. /Acting Prov Grand Secretary, seconded the motion, and stated that any action he had taken in the matter, he had always kept in view that respect to the Provincial Grand Master which he considered his exalted position, entitled him to, and he could say that in the course taken, not the slightest disrespect was intended to the Provincial Grand Master or Provincial Grand Lodge.
After a great number of brethren intimated their support, it was placed before the Chair, and unanimously carried.
A letter dated June 20th, 1865 was sent by the Prov. Grand Secretary, Bro. W. Wadham, from London to Bro. C.R. Darton acting Prov. Grand Secretary of Provincial Grand Lodge of South Australia. It reads as follows - Worshipful Sir and Brother, I take this opportunity of informing you that the petition from our Provincial Grand Lodge to the Grand Lodge of England has been referred to in the Board of General Purposes and the Colonial Board, and there is every disposition of the part of Grand Lodge to grant all we petition for. I have written to the Grand Secretary in support of the petition, and have requested him to place my letter before the two Boards. This he has promised to do, and in order that it may not be overlooked, I have had the letter printed, and propose forwarding a copy to each member. I enclose a copy to file in Provincial Grand Lodge for the information of the Brothers. Bro. Clarke (G. Sec) Grand Lodge of England, however assures me that no effort is necessary on my part to ensure an alteration of the Constitutions in our favour. I shall endeavour, notwithstanding, to carry out the spirit of the resolution passed by Provincial Grand Lodge previous to my departure.
I have placed myself at the disposal of the Grand Secretary, re accounts, and by this or the following mail, you will receive forms for returns of certificates issued in the colony. I sent home a duplicate of all applications when remitting I am obtaining what information I can relative to working the various degrees, but as far as I have yet learned, Harmony (505) is strictly correct. I am attending a Lodge of Instruction at Freemasons' Hall, and shall probably join as a member. Any other Lodges that I can find working I shall attend, unfortunately, however, they nearly all suspend working from April to September.
I enclose two letters from Bro. Sagar, re certificates, I have submitted the questions to the Grand Secretary, and the marginal memoranda are in his handwriting. An Irish, or Scotch Mason is entitled to an English Grand Lodge certificate on payment of 7/6, and a foreign brother taking his Second or Third Degree, or both in an English Lodge is entitled to a certificate from the English Constitution on payment of 7/6, and becomes a member of the Lodge. If the degrees are conferred as an act of courtesy, that Brother cannot claim a Grand Lodge certificate, but must apply to the Lodge in which he was initiated. There is no special form of certificate for a joining brother, the necessary alteration must be made by crossing out and interlineation. The other subjects referred to in your favour of the 27th. March, last can best be attended to on my return. I hope to be with you again by the end of the year. In the meantime, I remain, Dear Sir and Brother. Yours fraternally, W. Wadham, Prov. Grand Secretary.
It was resolved that the letter be acknowledged, but consideration of same be deferred until the next meeting of Prov Grand Lodge, by which time it was thought that the Prov Grand Secretary would be back, and he could be questioned on the outcome of his efforts. Then on the next page, following the entry of this minute appears the following memo - 'The letter was removed from this page, by the Prov Grand Secretary (actin) in pursuance of the resolution passed in Prov Grand Lodge.
At the next meeting of the Provincial Grand Lodge, the matter was discussed, the Provincial stated he felt that Bro. Wadham should have sent the letter to him, and not to a member of the Provincial Grand Lodge. He went on to say that in all matters relating to judicial matters, he had always consulted the Prov Grand Secretary, and could not see that any difference of opinion between himself and the Prov Grand Secretary could exist, that gave reason for the letter not to be sent to him. A Bro. Boucaut moved that he felt that Bro. Wadham had been rather overzealous in his action, but in order to cultivate respect for the Prov Grand Master he would move so accordingly.
At a meeting of Provincial Grand Lodge held on Thursday, 22nd of August, 1867, among others matters discussed was the reception for the forthcoming visit of H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh.
W.Bro. Hughes moved and W.Bro. Price seconded 'That an address of congratulation be prepared and presented to His Royal Highness by the Freemasons of the Freemasons of the English Constitution, either alone or in conjunction with the sister constitutions of Ireland and Scotland.'
W.Bro. Sagar moved W.Bro. Wadham seconded the following amendment - 'That, in consequence of the want of accord between the RW. Provincial Grand Master and the Craft in the Colony, and the fact that it would be repulsive to the feelings of the members of this Provincial Grand Lodge to be required to take any part with the RW. District Grand Master in any public Masonic demonstration, this Provincial Grand Lodge reluctantly forgoes the honour of presenting an address to His Royal Highness, The Duke of Edinburgh, on his arrival in this Province.' W. Bro. Downer spoke in favour of the ammendment, and read out of report of the Colonial Board and from the Quarterly Communications of Grand Lodge. Bros. Boucaut, Macaulay and England, spoke in favour of the original proposition and urged the brothers present to drop their minor differences.
W. Bro. Dr. Duncan supported the motion and begged the brethren to show loyalty to the representative of their Sovereign. W. Bros. Sagar, Hawker, Darton and Clarke spoke in favour of the amendment, as did W. Bro. Whittel who said it would be repulsive to his feelings to take part with the RW. District Grand Master in an address.
W. Bro. Hughes, in his reply, repeated his argument in favour of unanimity on this occasion at least, and remarked that, to use a common expression, two or three sought to rule the roost, and influenced other brethren to join them. W.Bros. Sagar, Darton and Gosse demanded the names of the brothers referred to, Bro. Mughes said he would use his own discretion as to the period when he should give the names, if at all. Some of the brethren prevented his further being heard by repeated cries of 'Names, names.'
The RW. District Grand Master, before putting the question to the meeting, desired to make a few remarks. He seriously depreciated disunion, in this one matter at all events, and urged the brothers to unite, and show their loyalty to the representative of Her Majesty. He said that we should shortly hear of the reception of His Royal Highness at the Cape. He did not doubt that the Masonic body there would have presented addresses, and if the motion was not carried this would be the only colony, where no address from the English Masons would be presented. He referred to W. Bro. Downer's speech, and repeated that, while he bowed to the reported decision on the appeals (re powers of a District or Provincial Grand Master) he should seek to have it reversed. He said, that the remarks of W. Bro. Whittell gave him peculiar pain, as he could call upon Bro. Gosse, and other brothers present to state that, whilst he felt bound by duty to take the course he had done, he had continued on friendly and intimate terms with many of the brothers whom he had suspended, that Wor. Bro. Whittell's remark at repulsion gave him much pain, and he again urged Bro. Sagar to show his loyalty by withdrawing the amendment. Wor. Bro. Sagar and several other brethren who sat with him, stated that they had no personal ill-feeling to the RW, The Provincial Grand Master, but only opposed him in Masonic matters.
The RW. Provincial Grand Master then put the amendment. It was declared to be carried the RW. Provincial Grand Master then put the motion. It was declared not carried.
The RW. Provincial Grand Master then remarked, being that the Minutes of the meeting held on the 4th of July not being confirmed, there are no bylaws for approval. The Provincial Grand Lodge was then closed in due form.
At a meeting of the Prov Grand Lodge held on Wed. 18th. Sept. 1867. The following item appeared on the agenda:
'To consider the removal from the minute book of certain entries relating to an irregular meeting.' W. Bro. Sagar will move - 'That this Provincial Grand Lodge, taking into consideration the fact that certain statements published in a letter dated June 19th, 1865, inserted in the minutes of Sept. 15th, 1865, is regarded by the RW. Prov. Grand Master as personally offensive to him, and being desirous of reciprocating the fraternal spirit manifested by the RW. Provincial Grand Master in his recent appointment of Deputy Provincial Grand Master, hereby authorizes the Provincial Grand Lodge to erase such letter from the minutes of the Prov Grand Lodge. The RW Provincial Grand Master stated that he had appointed W. Bro. Whittell as Deputy Provincial Grand Master and W. Bro. Downer, W. Bro. Sagar as Provincial Senior and Junior Wardens respectively.
After the investment of the officers was completed, the following motion was submitted by W. Bro. Whittell 'That, inasmuch as the resolution passed at the August 1867 meeting, relative to the action of the Provincial Grand Lodge in connection with the of His Royal Highness, The Duke of Edinburgh, admits of an interpretation that the members entertain some personal objection to the RW. Provincial Grand Master, such resolution be rescinded, and that this Prov Grand Lodge is determined to take part with the Provincial Grand Lodges of the Sister Constitutions in presenting a suitable address on the occasion of His Royal Highness visiting this colony.'
In moving this resolution, Bro. Dr. Whittell said he should offer a brief explanation of the reason which had operated on his mind to induce him to propose the rescinding of the resolution, which, at the time of its adoption met with his hearty support. In a few words, he might say that the explanation would he found in the fact that the circumstances of the Prov Grand Lodge had so changed since the resolution was passed that, although it fairly reflected the opinion of the Provincial Grand Lodge when adopted, it could not be said to represent the views and wishes of the Craft. He need not attempt to conceal the fact that for some years past there had been a serious difference between the RW. Provincial Grand Master on the one hand, and members of the Province on the other. He would not express an opinion as to who was right; he believed that both thought they were doing what was best for the Craft.
It was sufficient to say that this difference had become so great that there appeared no hope of healing it, except by reference to the Home authorities.
Things could not be worse than they were at the time of the last meeting of this Prov Grand Lodge was held. Fortunately for them, the RW. Prov. Grand Master of the Sister Constitutions had offered their kind services with a view to restore peace. He believed this had been done in consequence of some accidental conversation between the RW. Prov Grand Masters and W. Bro. Sagar. For himself, he was always ready to acknowledge an error, and he confessed that if W. Bro. Sagar had been guided by him no reconciliation would have been effected. When W. Bro. Sagar called on him about the offer of the RW. Prov Grand Masters, he (Bro. Whitte]l) threw cold water on the proposal as one that would involve great loss of time and bring no results, and therefore, he declined to have anything to do with the negotiations. When, however, he was asked, what in his opinion would satisfy the Craft, all we want is the Provincial Grand Lodge shall be the Lodges in the Province that the Grand Lodge is to the Craft in general, that, in fact, it shall control Masonic affairs within the Province, subject to such checks only as the Grand Lodge has thought fit to put upon it. And in order that this shall be properly done and carried out, he thought the Craft would wish that the RW. Provincial Grand Master would appoint a Deputy known to be on what for distinction, he might call, the liberal side, and that the affairs of the province should be placed in his hands, for a sufficient time to bring about a good understanding W. Bro. Whittell then gave a history of further negotiations, which had resulted in the RW. Prov Grand Master meeting the RW. Prov Grand Masters in the most liberal spirit, and acceding to what has been proposed.
In fact, he had received a Patent from the Provincial Grand Master to act as Deputy Provincial Grand Master. The officers who had been appointed were he believed, just such as the Lodge would approve, and he thought how there would be no further misunderstandings. For himself, he must say that the past events had taught him a useful lesson. His opinion, that all past unpleasantness had been caused by mutual distrust, and that half-an-hour conversation and explanation would have prevented the occurence of anything of the kind. In proof of this he might mention that since his appointment as Deputy Prov. Grand Master, he had found it had been necessary for him to see the RW. Brother on several occasions, and so far from finding him to manifest the austere or autocratic bearing he had been led to expect, the RW. Prov Grand Master had received any suggestions he had offered in a most courteous and fraternal manner.
He, therefore, submitted his proposition to the meeting.
W. Bro. Downer, Grand Senior Warden seconded the motion, which was unanimously carried. So came an end to one difficult period in the annals of this Provincial Grand Lodge. At a special meeting of the Provincial Grand Lodge held on Friday. 1st. November, 1867, there were present the Prov Grand Master, supported by his team of officers.
After the Prov Grand Lodge had been opened in due form, the Provincial Grand Masters of the Sister Constitutions of Ireland and Scotland were admitted accompanied by Officers of their respective Provinces.
A procession was then formed and all proceeded to Government House, and the following address was presented to His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh.
Ancient and Honourable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons:
To His Royal Highness, Prince Alfred Ernest Albert, Duke of Edinburgh, Knight of the Noble Order of the Garter. etc. etc. etc.
May it please your Royal Highness.
We, the brethren of the Antient and Honourable of Free and Accepted Masons, resident in South Australia, desire to approach Your Royal Highness on this auspicious occasion and to offer our warmest and heartfelt congratulations on your safe arrival in this Province.
In your Royal Highness we recognise with great satisfaction not only the representative and Son of our Beloved Queen, but also the Grandson of a former Grand Master of our distinguished Order, namely the late illustrious Prince Edward, Duke of Kent.
The Brethren of this Ancient Fraternity have ever been distinguished by their loyalty to the Crown, and devotion to their Country, and we earnestly beg Your Royal Highness to accept our assurance that the Freemasons of South Australia yield to none of the subjects of your Royal and loving Mother in fidelity to those principles which the most welcome visit of your Royal Highness to these shores cannot fail to strengthen and cement; reminding us as it so forcibly does, that these remote lands are united to the Mother Country by identity of language, laws and institutions.
That it may please the Most High to bless Your Royal Highness with His Grace, to protect you by His providence, and encompass you with His favour until summoned to that Grand Lodge above, where the world's Great Architect lives and reigns forever, is the sincere prayer of your Royal Highness most obedient servants.
(Signed)
Arthur Hardy. Prov Grand Master. EC., John Hart Prov Grand Master SC., J.T. Bagot. Prov Grand Master IC., Jas. P. Boucaut. Prov Grand Secretary. Hon. Secretary to the joint Committee.
His Royal Highness was pleased to receive the address, and states that a written reply would be forwarded.
Reply
Gentlemen, I return you my sincere thanks for the conspicuous part you have taken in the hearty welcome I have received on my arrival in this Province.
The principles of fidelity and union which characterize so particularly the Antient Order of Freemasons ensure, as I am aware of the sincere feelings of loyalty to their Sovereign, and affection for their Country.
I rejoice to see so heartfelt an expression of these sentiments from the Freemasons of South Australia, whose prayers to the Great Ruler of all things for my welfare will remain treasured in my memory.
(Signed) Alfred.
To the Order of Antient Freemasons in South Australia.
The following is taken from the pages of the Masonic Guide, when reviewing the events of the year 1867.
'It is a matter for sincere and widespread congratulation that the clouds which overhung English Freemasonry in this province at the commencement of the year and for a long time previously and which presented themselves as an effectual impediment to all attempts at progress, damping the ardour even of the most zealous and engendering much bitterness of feeling, have at length been dispelled, and the Order restored to peace, love and harmony. This happy result was brought about by the Right Worshipful Grand Masters of the Scottish and Irish Constitutions, who on becoming aware of the unfortunate differences which existed took upon themselves the office of mediators and at great personal trouble and inconvenience negotiated between the parties, obtained mutual explanations and concessions, and were rewarded by a completely successful issue. This fraternal and disinterested interference has lead to a perfect understanding, and the Craft will long remember the names RW. Bros. Hart and Bagot with gratitude and esteem.
The year 1867 will ever be memorable as the one in which the foot of British Royalty first stepped upon the shores of distant Australia, and South Australians will never forget that they were honoured by being the first to record a welcome to a son of their beloved Queen.
On Monday, 31st, May, 1869, the foundation stone of the Freemasons' Hall, Adelaide was laid with full Masonic ceremony.
After the ceremony, a luncheon was held. The chair being occupied by the RW. Provincial Grand Master of the English Constitution - RW. Bro. A. Hardy, and supported by the Provincial Grand Masters of the Scottish and Irish Constitutions on either side - RW. Bros. Hart and Bagot.
In this paper, long as it is. it has not been possible to relate any of the interesting happenings that took place in the first 50 years of Freemasonry in South Australia. By this time the title Provincial had been replaced by that of District.
We now move to the meeting of District Grand Lodge of July 30th, 1883, which was the first to be held concerning the formation of the Grand Lodge of South Australia. In response to an advertisement in the South Australian Register, brethren of the three Constitutions assembled in the Masonic Temple in Flinders Street, Adelaide. 123 brethren attended, but only a few knew for what the meeting was called for, it was not stated in the advertisement. However at this meeting 108 brethren formed themselves into a Masonic Union, and pledged themselves to support the formation of a Grand Lodge of South Australia.
Much discussion took place at this meeting as can be expected as to the best and proper way to open negotiations with the Home Grand lodges. It was generally agreed due respect be given to the parent Grand Lodges. A committee was appointed, and they in turn discussed the matter with the District Grand Masters of the three constitutions, technical difficulties were raised by the English and Irish District Grand Masters, but the Scottish District Grand Master was more ready at that stage to go-along with the movement.
The next step was to request the secretary of every Lodge in the to supply the names of all their members. All but one Irish Lodge secretary gladly complied.
Letters were sent to all the contributing members of Lodges under the three constitutions asking for their vote one way or the other on the issue of formation of a Sovereign Grand Lodge. Letters were also sent to members of the Lodge, of which the secretary had declined to supply a list of names.
The analysis of the votes was as follows
Eligible voting brethren. 2072 In favour of new Grand Lo. 1633 Not in favour of new Grand Lo. 392 Did not reply to letters. 47
This shows that of the 2025 votes actually cast. 1633 were in favour of the formation of the new Grand Lodge. About 80 percent.
Various meetings of committees and delegates were held subsequently until the Inauguration meeting held on April. 17th. 1884. At this meeting were present Past District Grand Officers and members of practically every Lodge in the Province. The ceremony of Installation of the first Grand Master then proceeded with, and MW. Bro. the Hon. Mr. Justice Way. Chief Justice was Installed. RW. Bro. H. Downer was elected as Deputy Grand Master and RW. Bros. Simpson and Ramsay as Grand SW and JW respectively. The other officers of Grand Lodge being invested in turn.
At the Inauguration there were 19 English, 5 Irish, and 6 Scottish Lodges forming the new Grand Lodge.
In this paper I have made a sincere attempt to portray the events leading up to the formation of the Grand Lodge of South, a period of 50 years.
It goes without saying that many of the Lodges not mentioned have an interesting and informative history. The Grand Lodge of South Australia on the 17th. April. 1984 celebrates its 100 years of existence and its first Lodge - The Lodge of Friendship No. 1 on the 22nd, October, 1984, celebrates its 150 years of existence.
VW. Bro. E.R. Castle PDGDC, Brisbane
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by John Black Vrooman, FPS
THAT too many nowadays, want to tinker with or change existing conditions and make everything different.
Those who want to de-sex the Bible, those who want to change the ritual of Freemasonry, and others who, for one reason or another want to make innovations which are neither necessary nor good. Such persons are definitely dangerous and not needed.
Change our beautiful craft - NO! Modernize its methods and procedure - ?
Let us not tinker with Freemasonry
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MEMBERSHIP IS THE LIEE’S BLOOD OF ANY ORGANIZATION
HAVE YOU DONE YOUR PART?
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Al Cerza Reviews Books of Interest to Masons
The first complete history of the Craft in Georgia has been published under the title "The Grand Lodge of Georgia F. & A.M. Masons, 1786-1980, " written by William Henry Rosier and Dr. F. Lamar Pearson, Jr. This excellent book contains twenty-four chapters, plus a bibliography, an appendix containing many special items, a list of historical markers, and a record of the lodges chartered in the state with basic information about each. The book ends with a fine index. The book contains all of importance about the Craft in the state. Ably researched and written in a concise style that is easy to read this book will be serviceable for many years as a storehouse of information about Freemasonry in Georgia.
This book contains a large number of items of general interest to Masons everywhere such as Lafayette's visit there, the Masonic Female College, the possum barbecue, duels many years ago, the devastating effect of the Morgan affair, the various charitable activities, and the various honors granted in the state.
The authors have brought to their work outstanding qualifications. Brother Rosier has been the Secretary of the Educational and Historical Commission and for years has been collecting items of Masonic interest occurring in the state. Brother Pearson is a Professor of History at Valdosta State College and has been the editor of the Masonic Messenger for many years.
Available at $21.00 a copy, from Carl F. Lester, Jr., Grand Secretary. 811 Mulberry St., Macon, Ga. 31298.
"Beyond the Ordinary" is a cloth bound book with a sub-title that adequately describes the messages contained in the volume: "Toward a Better, Wiser, and Happier World." This beautifully illustrated book contains a collection of Sermonettes and Messages written by Grand Commander Henry C. Clausen of the Scottish Rite, Southern Jurisdiction, which have appeared in the New Age Magazine since 1977. Each item has a spiritual message and the book serves a useful purpose by having these fine items all in one place readily available to be read and re-read from time to time.
Available at $7.00 a copy, from the Supreme Council, 1733 Sixteenth St.. N.W., Washington. D.C. 20009.
Men make Freemasonry what it is. So the reading of biographies of members of the Craft are usually of interest to other Masons. There has been published an autobiography of Vance C. Van Tassell, who served as Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Illinois in 1978 and 1979. This cloth bound book of 210 pages with some pictures starts with the year 1609 when the author's ancestors came to this country, it tells many interesting experiences in his life, and reproduces some of his Masonic talks and poems. The book has been given to his lodge and a copy will be sent to any person who donates $20.00 or more to the Charity Fund of the lodge.
Donations should be sent to Robinson Lodge No. 250, Charity Fund, P.Q. Box 848, Robinson, Ill. 62454.
The year 1983 marked the two hundredth anniversary of the birth of Jeremy L. Cross. an outstanding Masonic ritualist and teacher. He had helped form many lodges as well as bodies relating to the York Rite. He is one of the best known pupils of Thomas Smith Webb whose Masonic Monitor went through many editions and has stood the test of time. Today Jeremy L. Cross is best remembered as the author of "True Masonic Chart or Hieroglyphic Monitor" which went through at least two dozen editions. The book attracted considerable attention at the time of its first publication because it was a good aid to memorizing the ritual because it had many pictures and charts. The book has been out-of-print for many years and last year there was some talk about reproducing the book to commemorate the anniversary of his birth.
The Texas Lodge of Research did more than just talk about doing something. Because of this anniversary and because the Lodge was celebrating its twenty-fifth anniversary and the Cross book had influenced the Texas ritual it definitely decided to publish a facsimile of the Cross book. The second edition was selected and had been published. The Preface has been written by John E. Jack, Worshipful Master of the Lodge. A scholarly Foreword has been written by Dr. George H.T. French.
Copies are available from Wayne Poorman, P.O . Box 609, Rosenberg, Texas 77471, at $12.00 a copy.
If you know a Mason who is blind take a little time and make him a happier Mason by informing him that a number of Short Talk Bulletins of the Masonic Service Association have been translated into Braille and that these books may be borrowed from the Association. This has been made possible by the voluntary donations of a number of members of the Craft. The address of the Association is 8120 Fenton St., Silver Spring, Md. 20910. Additional donations to this worthy program will be welcomed in order to expand the number of items that can be made available to our blind brethren.
Some years ago the Missouri Lodge of Research published a book entitled "Tied to Masonic Apron Strings " written by Stewart M.L. Pollard, Executive Secretary of the Masonic Service Association, containing many humorous items with a Masonic twist. We now have a follow-up of additional items by the same author entitled "The Lighter Side of Masonry." It is an ideal book to browse through for a chuckle now and then.
Available at $3.75 a copy, from The Temple Publishers, 8120 Fenton St., Silver Spring, Md. 20910.
One of the most difficult subjects to understand within the Craft is that of the Ancient Masonic Landmarks. These rules are the basic laws of Freemasonry and there is no uniform understanding of what these rules are. An updated presentation of the subject as viewed in the various states of the United States has been published.
Available from the Masonic Service Association, 8120 Fenton St., Silver Spring, Md. 20910, at $2.21 a copy.
From time to time, as necessity required, there has been published an informative presentation of the various prominent Masonic groups under the title "Allied Masonic Groups and Rites." Arranged in alphabetical order the groups are described as to their origin, purposes, and organizational structure. An updated version has been published recently.
Available at $1.68 a copy, from the Masonic Service Association, 8120 Benton Street, Silver Spring, Md. 20910.
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by Allen E. Roberts, FPS
The Statue of Liberty is in trouble! We, the Freemasons of America, should do all in our power to see that it is preserved. Why? The reasons are too many to enumerate here. For starters, it represents that for which Freemasonry stands - freedom of man, or as we say in our ritual - the Brotherhood of Man under the Fatherhood of God. It was designed and sculpted by a French Freemason, Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. His Lodge in France was convened on June 19, 1884, to view his work, long before it was seen in America. On August 4, 1884, the cornerstone for the monument was laid by the Grand Lodge of New York. The Grand Master then noted: "No institution has done more to promote liberty and to free men from the trammels and chains of ignorance and tyranny, than Freemasonry." We see that the Craft played all important role from the beginning. We cannot afford to see it deteriorate, and that's what is happening. It's also worthy to note that not one cent to build and erect the statue came from any government. Thousands of Individuals contributed voluntarily. So it has to be with its restoration. Checks may be made payable to: Statue of Liberty, and sent to: The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, P.O. Box 1986, New York, NY 10018. Your name will be entered in the "Statue of Liberty Register of Contributors." You will also be sent a certificate acknowledging your contribution. And, though you aren't interested in this, your contribution will be tax deductible.
The Masonic Service Association informs us that a group of Iranian Freemasons are attempting to reconstitute the Grand Lodge of Iran (in exile). A number of Grand Lodge officers who escaped the blood bath that followed the departure of the Shah, who was a Mason, are in the forefront of those making the attempt. They should be given the assistance of all American and Canadian Masons.
Richard H. Sand's article, "Hitching Our Wagon to a Star, " which first appeared in The Grotto, was reprinted in The Oregon Freemason. Dick will be the Philalethes Lecturer on February 10 in D.C. It is good to find someone else "calling a spade a spade!" He said Freemasonry should get back to fundamentals, but "we give lip-service toward doing just that." "We are thinking small!" he added. "This is compounded by the fact that all of our officers can occupy their time simply by going through the motions of business-as-usual, pretending that the ritualistic work satisfies their obligations. This is the easy way out because it requires no imagination and very little leadership." I could go on and on. Although I had heard it ruffled some feathers, it's an excellent article, in my judgement.
The Board of Directors of the Wisconsin Masonic Journal has laid down some rules and regulations. No poems can be accepted; no tobacco or alcoholic beverages can be advertised; only service awards for 50 year and over members can receive coverage; no coverage of "Masonic Associated Bodies" except the "top officer."
The New Zealand Freemason carries an item that's unusual today. "J.N.M." believes Lodges shouldn't "involve women more fully in their activities. It's time for the other side of the coin to be heard from," he says. "A lodge is not a social club although some are becoming virtually that." he writes. This is supposed to be the answer to an uninterested membership. Some lodges look with envy at service organisations such as Rotary, Kiwanis and Lions, to mention but a few. However, these organisations do not admit women as members, nor are they bent on encouraging them to take a greater part in their activities. Their success - and it cannot be doubted - is achieved by other methods.
"Firstly, the service organisations offer their members first-class refectory proceedings and a meal of a standard which would put most Masonic lodges to shame. They encourage fellowship and unity of purpose and see no need for the presence of women for this to be achieved."
He closed by saying: "The brethren have got to work to restore Freemasonry to the position of power and influence it once had in the community. If they try to rely instead on catch-cries such as 'involve womenfolk more they are doomed to failure. This should provoke discussion from the nether regions!
From the same magazine we learn non-Masons are invited to attend "refectory meetings." Sixteen recently attended one such meeting. "Such was the interest shown that what had been intended to be a fairly short meeting ran into several hours." The leader pointed out "the meeting was not held to solicit candidates." Only those "non-Masons who had made the customary first move of expressing an interest in becoming members of the Craft should be invited to this type of meeting." He added: "This type of meeting is quite common overseas, particularly in Holland where wives are also invited to come along."
"What is Masonry Worth to You?" asks the Grand Chaplain in The Oklahoma Mason. He then related what happened in 1934: "Crops dried up for want of rain. Ponds and water holes became dust bowls. The government moved in to provide some relief...Masonic dues throughout the area were either $2 or $4 per year. Masons were being suspended for nonpayment of dues. Men were working for a dollar or a dollar and a half a day. A week's wages ranged from $6 to $12...We were behind in our (Lodge) rent. We couldn't pay the light bill; we owed the city a water bill." But the Lodge didn't "throw in the towel." The few members who were left "agreed that we would pay $8 dues for the year 1934 and save the lodge." He asked a pertinent question: "What would happen today if you asked any of our members to pay a week's wages as dues?" The Lodge was saved. "Many of the sons of those pioneers are now active in Masonry."
The Grand Master of Masons in South Carolina has become indignant. He is disturbed by the large number of members who have let themselves become suspended for non-payment of dues. Yet, "many of these Brethren choose to keep their membership in the appendant bodies of Masonry, and I as your Grand Master will no longer tolerate this practice." Good! He has "requested" all Lodge Secretaries to send a list of these dropouts to the York and Scottish Rite offices.